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Физиология человека, 2023, T. 49, № 6, стр. 128-136

Риск тромбообразования и механизмы активации гемостаза у дайверов после погружений

Д. С. Кузичкин 1, А. А. Маркин 1, *, О. А. Журавлева 1

1 ФГБУН ГНЦ РФ – Институт медико-биологических проблем РАН
Москва, Россия

* E-mail: andre_markine@mail.ru

Поступила в редакцию 17.01.2023
После доработки 23.05.2023
Принята к публикации 08.06.2023

Аннотация

В данном обзоре рассмотрены риски возникновения декомпрессионной болезни и ее осложнений у профессиональных водолазов и дайверов при различных способах погружения в реальных и моделируемых условиях. Обсуждается патогенез нарушений системы плазменного и сосудистого гемостаза при воздействии на организм факторов внешней среды при различных видах и типах погружений. Обобщение результатов исследований показало, что механизмы активации тромбообразования при данном воздействии являются комплексными и обусловлены опосредованной микропузырьками активацией тромбоцитов, а также развитием эндотелиальной дисфункции, оксидативного и психофизиологического стресса. Исследование параметров гемостаза у профессиональных водолазов и дайверов-любителей может быть одним из основных способов оценки риска ее развития. Рассмотренные средства профилактики тромбообразования при погружениях и декомпрессии, согласно результатам, включенных в обзор работ, являются достаточно эффективными.

Ключевые слова: морская медицина, водолазы, декомпрессионная болезнь, гемостаз, профилактика.

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