Микология и фитопатология, 2023, T. 57, № 6, стр. 425-434

ВНЕКЛЕТОЧНАЯ ДЕТОКСИКАЦИЯ ЦИНКА ГРИБАМИ PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM И ASPERGILLUS NIGER

К. В. Сазанова 123*, М. С. Зеленская 2**, А. В. Корнеев 2***, Д. Ю. Власов 12****

1 Ботанический институт им. В.Л. Комарова РАН
197376 Санкт-Петербург, Россия

2 Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет
199034 Санкт-Петербург, Россия

3 Санкт-Петербургский филиал Архива Российской академии наук
196084 Санкт-Петербург, Россия

* E-mail: ksazanova@binran.ru
** E-mail: marsz@yandex.ru
*** E-mail: a_v_korneev@list.ru
**** E-mail: dmitry.vlasov@mail.ru

Поступила в редакцию 16.04.2023
После доработки 25.05.2023
Принята к публикации 25.05.2023

Аннотация

Микроскопические грибы являются перспективными объектами для биоремедиации, благодаря их способности переводить металлы в менее подвижные и доступные для организмов формы. В выполненном исследовании показано, что грибы Penicillium chrysogenum и Aspergillus niger обладают физиологическими механизмами экстраклеточной детоксикации цинка при его исходной концентрации 250 мкмоль – 2 ммоль в среде. В концентрациях 250–500 мкмоль Zn способствует накоплению биомассы и обильному спороношению A. niger и Penicillium chrysogenum, а в концентрациях 1–2 ммоль подавляет рост грибов. Экстраклеточная детоксикация цинка грибом Aspergillus niger происходит путем образования двуводного оксалата цинка катсаросита, благодаря активному биосинтезу щавелевой кислоты. Основным механизмом детоксикации цинка Penicillium chrysogenum было образование фосфата цинка (гопеита). Образование фосфата цинка (гопеита) под действием гриба было установлено впервые. Ключевыми факторами, определяющими направление процессов образования внеклеточных минеральных фаз, являются количества продуцируемых грибами экстраклеточных полимерных соединений и щавелевой кислоты, а также изменение pH среды в процессе роста культур.

Ключевые слова: биоремедиация, детоксикация, оксалаты, органические кислоты, тяжелые металлы, экстраклеточный полимерный матрикс

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