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  4. T. 57, № 6, 2023

Молекулярная биология, 2023, T. 57, № 6, стр. 916-924

Оксид азота(II) в биологии Chlorophyta

Е. В. Ермилова *

Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет
199034 Санкт-Петербург, Россия

* E-mail: e.ermilova@spbu.ru

Поступила в редакцию 01.03.2023
После доработки 20.03.2023
Принята к публикации 22.03.2023

Аннотация

NO представляет собой газообразную сигнальную редокс-молекулу, функционирующую в клетках эукариот. Однако некоторые аспекты синтеза, оборота и эффектов NO специфичны для растений. В отличие от высших растений роль NO у Chlorophyta изучена еще недостаточно. Тем не менее, некоторые механизмы контроля уровня этой сигнальной молекулы охарактеризованы на модельных представителях зеленых водорослей. Так, в клетках Chlamydomonas reinhardtii синтез NO осуществляется с помощью двойной системы, включающей нитратредуктазу и NO-формирующую нитритредуктазу. Другие механизмы, с помощью которых NO образуется из нитрита, связаны с компонентами электрон-транспортной цепи митохондрий. Кроме того, образование NO у некоторых зеленых водорослей происходит по окислительному механизму, сходному с механизмом у млекопитающих. Недавнее выявление L-аргининзависимого синтеза NO у бесцветной водоросли Polytomells parva предполагает существование комплекса белков с ферментативной активностью, сходной по действию с синтазой оксида азота у животных. Это открытие прокладывает путь к дальнейшему изучению потенциальных членов семейства NO-синтаз у Chlorophyta. Неотъемлемой частью функционирования NO в клетках является не только его синтез, но и регуляторные процессы, участвующие в поддержании внутриклеточного уровня NO. Члены семейства усеченных гемоглобинов с диоксигеназной активностью могут превращать NO в нитрат, как у C. reinhardtii. Описано также участие NO-редуктаз в нейтрализации NO. Еще более интригующим является тот факт, что зеленые водоросли, в отличие от животных, по-видимому, не используют типичный сигнальный модуль NO-сGMP. S-нитрозированный глутатион, который считается основным резервуаром NO в клетках, передает сигналы NO белкам. S-нитрозирование белков Chlorophyta считается одним из ключевых механизмов действия редокс-молекулы. В представленной работе обсуждается современное состояние и перспективные направления исследований, связанных с биологией NO у зеленых водорослей.

Ключевые слова: Chlorophyta, NO, нитратредуктаза, NO-синтаза, S-нитрозирование

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