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Физика Земли, 2023, № 3, стр. 3-32

Трение как фактор, определяющий излучательную эффективность подвижек по разломам и возможность их инициирования. Состояние вопроса

Г. Г. Кочарян 1, *, А. Н. Беседина 1, Г. А. Гридин 1, К. Г. Морозова 1, А. А. Остапчук 1

1 Институт динамики геосфер имени академика М.А. Садовского РАН
г. Москва, Россия

* E-mail: gevorgkidg@mail.ru

Поступила в редакцию 25.10.2022
После доработки 05.12.2022
Принята к публикации 09.12.2022

Аннотация

В статье представлен концептуальный обзор состояния исследований сопротивления разломных зон сдвигу. Публикации последних лет проанализированы в контексте подходов, сформулированных в нескольких докладах, сделанных авторами на 6-й конференции “Триггерные эффекты в геосистемах”. Анализ результатов, полученных различными группами исследователей в последние два–три десятилетия, демонстрирует, что определяющее значение для закономерностей инициирования и распространения разрыва, играют фрикционные свойства материала-заполнителя зоны скольжения. Совершенствование методов обработки данных регистрации параметров слабой сейсмичности, направленных на оценку “медленности” микроземлетрясений, приуроченных к зоне разлома, может привести к созданию новых подходов к мониторингу разломных зон для получения косвенной информации о материальном составе зоны скольжения разлома, а, следовательно, и о его потенциальной “сейсмогенности”. В настоящее время подобные методы могут оказаться востребованы при решении задач снижения ущерба от землетрясений, инициированных техногенной деятельностью.

Ключевые слова: разлом, структура сейсмогенных разломов, режимы скольжения, трение, микросейсмический мониторинг.

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