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  4. № 8-suppl, 2023

Известия РАН. Серия биологическая, 2023, № 8-suppl, стр. 25-41

Проблема отсутствия “отсутствий”: подход Энглера–Хенгла в моделировании пространственного распределения видов

С. С. Огурцов 1, 2, *

1 Центрально-Лесной государственный природный биосферный заповедник
172521 Тверская область, Нелидовский городской округ, пос. Заповедный, 32, Россия

2 Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН
119071 Москва, Ленинский проспект, 33, Россия

* E-mail: etundra@mail.ru

Поступила в редакцию 02.10.2023
После доработки 08.10.2023
Принята к публикации 08.10.2023

Аннотация

Рассмотрены возможности создания искусственных точек отсутствия (псевдоотсутствий) для построения моделей пространственного распределения видов. Описан подход, предложенный Робином Энглером и адаптированный Томиславом Хенглом, который учитывает индексы пригодности местообитаний и расстояния до точек присутствия для создания точек псевдоотсутствия. На примере черники в Центрально-Лесном заповеднике и его охранной зоне сравниваются обобщенные линейные модели, построенные на основе подхода Энглера-Хенгла, пройденных маршрутов и расстояний до точек присутствия, а также модель, построенная по методу максимальной энтропии. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о превосходстве модели на основе подхода Энглера-Хенгла как с точки зрения оценок качества, так и с точки зрения реалистичности построенных карт пространственного распределения.

Ключевые слова: пригодность местообитаний, пространственное распределение, распространение вида, псевдоотсутствия, GLM, MaxEnt

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