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Журнал эволюционной биохимии и физиологии, 2023, T. 59, № 6, стр. 485-502

Коррекция когнитивных нарушений и сигнальных путей в гиппокампе крыс с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа с помощью интраназально вводимых инсулина и ганглиозидов

И. О. Захарова 1, *, Л. В. Баюнова 1, К. В. Деркач 1, А. О. Шпаков 1, Н. Ф. Аврова 1

1 Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова РАН
Санкт-Петербург, Россия

* E-mail: zakhar@iephb.ru

Поступила в редакцию 28.07.2023
После доработки 04.10.2023
Принята к публикации 04.10.2023

Аннотация

Инсулин контролирует не только системный гомеостаз глюкозы, но и функциональную активность мозга. При сахарном диабете 2-го типа (СД2) в мозге снижаются содержание инсулина и активность инсулиновой сигнальной системы. Это приводит к нарушению энергетического обмена, включая гипометаболизм глюкозы в мозге, и к когнитивным дисфункциям. Для компенсации недостатка гормона в мозге может быть использован интраназально вводимый инсулин (ИВИ). В целях повышения эффективности ИВИ для коррекции функций мозга целесообразно его комбинированное применение с веществами, наделенными свойствами нейропротекторов, в том числе со сложными гликосфинголипидами ганглиозидами. Для доставки ганглиозидов в мозг также может быть использовано их интраназальное введение (ИВГ). Целью работы было оценить эффективность раздельных и совместных интраназальных введений инсулина и ганглиозидов для коррекции когнитивных нарушений у крыс Wistar с СД2, для чего использовали водный лабиринт Морриса (ВЛМ) и анализ в гиппокампе экспрессии белков (BDNF, GLUT-1, GLUT-3, GLUT-4, GFAP, PSD95) и активности протеинкиназ (Akt, GSK3β, ERK1/2), вовлеченных в процессы обучения и формирования долговременной памяти. ИВИ и ИВГ при введении крысам с СД2 улучшали пространственную ориентацию в ВЛМ, причем эффект совместного использования ИВИ и ИВГ был сходным с таковым при их раздельном применении. При совместном введении ИВИ и ИВГ отмечали сохранение активности эффекторных протеинкиназ (Akt и ERK1/2), в то время как при монотерапии ИВИ уровень их фосфорилирования был снижен. При комбинированной терапии также увеличивалось фосфорилирование GSK3β по Ser9, защищающее нейроны от тауропатии. Таким образом, совместное применение ИВИ и ИВГ улучшает функциональное состояние компонентов инсулиновой системы в мозге крыс с СД2, хотя значимо не усиливает эффекты ИВИ на показатели долговременной памяти.

Ключевые слова: инсулин, ганглиозиды, интраназальное введение, гиппокамп, когнитивные функции, сигнальные пути, сахарный диабет 2-го типа

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