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Генетика, 2023, T. 59, № 10, стр. 1103-1111

Иммуногенетические факторы в патогенезе шизофрении

М. Ю. Плотникова 1, 2, 3, *, С. С. Кунижева 1, 2, 3, Е. В. Рождественских 2, Т. В. Андреева 1, 2, 3

1 Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова Российской академии наук
119991 Москва, Россия

2 Центр генетики и наук о жизни, Университет “Сириус”
354340 пгт. Сириус, Краснодарский край, Россия

3 Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова
119991 Москва, Россия

* E-mail: plotnikova.m.u.1996@gmail.com

Поступила в редакцию 27.01.2023
После доработки 06.06.2023
Принята к публикации 10.06.2023

Аннотация

Предрасположенность человека к нейропсихическим заболеваниям, таким как шизофрения, болезнь Альцгеймера, болезнь Паркинсона и другим нейропатологиям связана как с генетическими факторами, так и с факторами внешней среды. В настоящее время одним из перспективных направлений в области молекулярных нейронаук является исследование роли иммуногенетических механизмов при различных типах патологических процессов в мозге. В данном обзоре освещаются последние результаты исследований в области иммуногенетики шизофрении, а также ряда других нейропсихических патологий, в патогенезе которых подтверждена роль иммунного компонента. В рамках данного обзора рассмотрена роль генов главного комплекса гистосовместимости в патогенезе шизофрении, оценка изменений иммунного репертуара Т-клеточных и B-клеточных рецепторов при нейровоспалении. Также представлены результаты изучения генов иммуноглобулинов, изменение работы которых связано с развитием нейропсихических патологий.

Ключевые слова: иммуногенетика, шизофрения, Т-клеточные рецепторы, В-клеточные рецепторы, полногеномное секвенирование, главный комплекс гистосовместимости, нейровоспаление, иммуноглобулины.

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