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  4. T. 59, № 12, 2023

Генетика, 2023, T. 59, № 12, стр. 1347-1359

Генетика и эпигенетика несуицидального самоповреждающего поведения: нарративный обзор

А. А. Кибитов 1, 2, *, Г. Э. Мазо 2

1 Научный центр психического здоровья
115522 Москва, Россия

2 Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева
192019 Санкт-Петербург, Россия

* E-mail: andreykibitov18@gmail.com

Поступила в редакцию 30.05.2023
После доработки 18.07.2023
Принята к публикации 20.07.2023

Аннотация

Несуицидальное самоповреждающее поведение (НССП), или селфхарм, широко распространено, особенно среди людей молодого возраста. Тем не менее, несмотря на актуальность данной проблемы, НССП исследовалось в основном с психологических и социальных позиций, в то время как биологические основы НССП изучались в значительно меньшем объеме. Цель данного нарративного обзора – анализ всей доступной на данный момент литературы по генетике и эпигенетике НССП, являющихся одними из наиболее перспективных областей биологических исследований. Обсуждены и проанализированы все этапы развития генетических исследований НССП: от близнецовых исследований и изучения самоповреждений в рамках наследственных заболеваний к поиску генов-кандидатов, полногеномным исследованиям и изучению эпигенетических механизмов и взаимодействия “ген–среда”. Продемонстрирован значимый вклад генетических и эпигенетических факторов в развитие НССП, обсуждены преимущества и ограничения проведенных исследований, намечены перспективы развития дальнейших исследований в данной области.

Ключевые слова: несуицидальное самоповреждающее поведение, селфхарм, генетика, эпигенетика, наследуемость.

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