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Геохимия, 2023, T. 68, № 6, стр. 608-621

Перенос металлов в гидротермальных условиях в виде коллоидных частиц и пересыщенных истинных растворов

В. А. Алексеев *

Институт геохимии и аналитической химии им. В.И. Вернадского РАН
119991 Москва, ул. Косыгина, 19, Россия

* E-mail: alekseyev-v@geokhi.ru

Поступила в редакцию 27.10.2022
После доработки 16.11.2022
Принята к публикации 02.12.2022

Аннотация

Коллоиды металлов в гидротермальных растворах изучены значительно хуже, чем в поверхностных и подземных водах. Тем не менее из опубликованных работ следует, что коллоидные частицы, содержащие металлы, присутствуют в гидротермальных минералах, в геогазе и в подземных водах над рудными телами, во флюидных включениях минералов, в геотермальных растворах. Образование этих частиц обычно связывают с нуклеацией в пересыщенном растворе, который образуется в реакциях превращения минералов или при вскипании флюидов. Опубликованные экспериментальные данные подтверждают возможность образования коллоидных частиц и сохранения их стабильности в гидротермальных условиях. Для всесторонней оценки мобильности коллоидных частиц в этих условиях не хватает экспериментов по фильтрации пересыщенных и коллоидных растворов в пористых средах при повышенных температурах. Участие коллоидов в гидротермальном рудном процессе наиболее наглядно проявилось при формировании богатых эпитермальных Au месторождений. На примере кварцевого геотермометра показана возможность переноса металлов в истинном пересыщенном растворе, что может быть даже более эффективным, чем коллоидный перенос. Таким образом, перенос металлов в гидротермальном процессе возможен в значительно более высоких концентрациях, чем следует из традиционного подхода, основанного на равновесной термодинамике.

Ключевые слова: коллоидный перенос, металлы, гидротермальные растворы

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