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Геохимия, 2023, T. 68, № 8, стр. 757-894

Обзор основных исследований первого твердого вещества, образованного в Солнечной системе

М. А. Иванова *

Институт геохимии и аналитической химии им. В.И. Вернадского РАН
119991 Москва, ул. Косыгина, 19, Россия

* E-mail: meteorite2000@mail.ru

Поступила в редакцию 30.01.2023
После доработки 23.03.2023
Принята к публикации 28.03.2023

Аннотация

В работе представлен обзор основных современных исследований самого раннего твердого вещества Солнечной системы – тугоплавких объектов, к которым относятся Ca,Al-включения (CAIs), некоторые хондры и амебовидные оливиновые агрегаты. Большее внимание уделено Ca,Al-включениям. В обзоре не рассматриваются льды, так как они не относятся к каменному веществу, и досолнечные зерна, которые присутствовали в Солнечной системе на момент ее образования и сохранились в веществе примитивных хондритов. Обзор состоит из введения, нескольких глав, заключения, списка литературы и специальных сокращений. Дополнительные материалы опубликованы в двух приложениях. В литературном обзоре представлены результаты предыдущих исследований за последние 50 лет и освещены новые задачи, стоящие перед исследователями в изучении CAIs, далее приводятся описание современных методов изучения и подходов, результаты исследования хронологии процессов ранней Солнечной системы, морфология, минералогия и петрография новых, малоизученных представителей CAIs из разных типов хондритового вещества (CV3 и CH-CB), изотопные и геохимические характеристики этих объектов, включая распределение РЗЭ в ультратугоплавких CAIs. Поиску генетических связей между типами первичного вещества и изучению основных процессов формирования CAIs посвящена отдельная глава, в которой представлены результаты теоретического моделирования и эеспериментального исследования процесса испарения. В заключении суммируются основные выводы, сделанные на основе полученных данных и подводится итог многолетнего изучения тугоплавких объектов хондритов.

Ключевые слова: возраст Солнечной системы, хронология процессов ранней Солнечной системы, Ca,Al-включения (CAIs), пластическая деформация, ультратугоплавкие (UR) CAIs, химичекое и изотопное фракционирование, редко-земельные элементы, изотопный состав кислорода, испарение и конденсация

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