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  4. T. 13, № 4, 2023

Мембраны и мембранные технологии, 2023, T. 13, № 4, стр. 312-330

Прямой осмос сегодня: перспективы и ограничения

А. П. Андрианов a, *, **, О. В. Янцен a, b, Р. В. Ефремов c

a ООО “ВТ эксперт”
117198 Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 2а, пом. 611, Россия

b Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования “Российский государственный геологоразведочный университет имени Серго Орджоникидзе”
117997 Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 23, Россия

c Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования “Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет” (НИУ МГСУ
129337 Москва, Ярославское ш., 26, Россия

* E-mail: laerimarum@mail.ru
** E-mail: apa@wtexpert.ru

Поступила в редакцию 10.02.2023
После доработки 04.04.2023
Принята к публикации 07.04.2023

Аннотация

Прямой осмос рассматривают как новую, передовую технологию, способную составить конкуренцию существующим на мировом рынке методам опреснения, обессоливания, очистки и концентрирования природных и сточных вод. В настоящем обзоре представлены возможные области применения прямого осмоса, технологические схемы и наиболее яркие примеры внедрения. Рассмотрены вопросы разработки мембран для прямого осмоса, составов осмотических агентов и их регенерации, загрязнения мембран. Особое внимание уделено проблемам, возникающим при работе мембран прямого осмоса, энергетической и экономической оценке рассматриваемой технологии. Сделаны выводы о текущем статусе коммерческого внедрения прямого осмоса и основных барьерах, встающих на пути его освоения.

Ключевые слова: обессоливание, опреснение, обратный осмос, осмотический агент, прямой осмос, технико-экономическая оценка

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