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Микробиология, 2022, T. 91, № 6, стр. 647-665

Редактирование геномов метанотрофных бактерий: возможные мишени и доступный инструментарий

В. Н. Хмеленина a, С. Ю. Бут a, b, О. Н. Розова a, b, И. Ю. Ошкин b, Н. В. Пименов b, С. Н. Дедыш b, *

a Институт биохимии и физиологии микроорганизмов им. Г.К. Скрябина, Пущинский научный центр биологических исследований Российской академии наук
142290 Пущино, Московская обл., Россия

b Институт микробиологии им. С.Н. Виноградского, ФИЦ Биотехнологии РАН
119071 Москва, Россия

* E-mail: dedysh@mail.ru

Поступила в редакцию 17.07.2022
После доработки 26.07.2022
Принята к публикации 26.07.2022

Аннотация

Аэробные метанотрофные бактерии – это прокариотические микроорганизмы, обладающие уникальными ферментами, метанмонооксигеназами, позволяющими им использовать метан (СН4) в качестве ростового субстрата. Эта метаболическая особенность метанотрофов делает их привлекательными объектами биотехнологий, основанных на использовании метана для производства микробного белка и ряда целевых метаболитов. Растущий интерес к этим технологиям обусловлен высокой доступностью СН4, являющегося основным компонентом природного газа и биогаза, образуемого в результате анаэробной переработки органических отходов. Аэробные метанотрофы окисляют метан при температуре и давлении окружающей среды, поэтому перспективны в качестве биокатализаторов преобразования СН4 в продукты с добавленной стоимостью. Развитие биотехнологий конверсии метана с применением метанотрофов предполагает привлечение методов геномного редактирования для улучшения характеристик штаммов этих бактерий, используемых для производства. Специфика метаболизма СН4-использующих бактерий, а также сложности работы с этими объектами долгое время сдерживали развитие метаболической инженерии метанотрофов. В настоящем обзоре рассмотрены успехи последних десятилетий в области метаболической инженерии аэробных метанотрофов, описаны вероятные мишени и доступный инструментарий редактирования геномов этих микроорганизмов. Использование этого инструментария открывает возможности получения штаммов с биотехнологически ценными характеристиками, а также более глубокого изучения метаболических особенностей аэробных метанотрофов.

Ключевые слова: метанотрофные бактерии, разнообразие аэробных метанотрофов, специфика метаболизма метанотрофов, биоконверсия метана, редактирование геномов, метаболическая инженерия

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