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Молекулярная биология, 2023, T. 57, № 4, стр. 573-586

Структура и сборка комплекса ядерной поры

А. В. Орлова a, *, С. Г. Георгиева a, Д. В. Копытова a

a Институт молекулярной биологии им. В.А. Энгельгардта Российской академии наук
119991 Москва, Россия

* E-mail: chipushka@gmail.com

Поступила в редакцию 14.11.2022
После доработки 08.12.2022
Принята к публикации 08.12.2022

Аннотация

Обмен молекулами между основными компартментами эукариотической клетки ‒ ядром и цитоплазмой, происходит через комплексы ядерной поры (Nuclear Pore Complex, NPC), пронизывающие двуслойную ядерную мембрану. NPC – сложная многобелковая структура с центральным каналом, имеющая октагональную симметрию и состоящая из нуклеопоринов. Каждый из нуклеопоринов в составе NPC представлен большим количеством копий. В сквозном канале в центре NPC образуется водопроницаемый барьер, который обеспечивает способность NPC к селективному и быстрому перемещению молекул с одной стороны ядерной оболочки на другую. В основе структурной организации NPC лежит иерархический принцип. Нуклеопорины объединены в комплексы, которые служат мономерами для формирования октамеров основных структурных элементов NPC. В нашем обзоре рассмотрены структура и сборка NPC, механизм которой зависит от стадии клеточного цикла.

Ключевые слова: комплекс ядерной поры, NPC, нуклеопорины, FG- нуклеопорины, Y-комплекс, SLiM-мотив, сборка комплекса ядерной поры, неядерный поровый комплекс

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