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Молекулярная биология, 2023, T. 57, № 5, стр. 771-781

Цифровая ПЦР: обзор применения высокочувствительного диагностического инструмента

К. В. Копылова a, Э. В. Каспаров a, И. В. Марченко a, М. В. Смольникова a, *

a Научно-исследовательский институт медицинских проблем Севера
660022 Красноярск, Россия

* E-mail: smarinv@yandex.ru

Поступила в редакцию 29.12.2022
После доработки 29.03.2023
Принята к публикации 29.03.2023

Аннотация

Цифровая ПЦР (цПЦР) – метод определения абсолютного количества целевой нуклеиновой кислоты в образце – все шире используется в биологии и медицине. К важным преимуществам цПЦР относится возможность количественного определения генетического материала без построения калибровочных кривых, что позволяет выявлять даже единичные молекулы нуклеиновых кислот. В обзоре рассмотрены основные этапы становления метода цПЦР, начиная с технологии микрофлюидных чипов, до современных систем, способных обнаружить одну молекулу ДНК-мишени среди 100 000 копий. Проанализирована эффективность выявления различных патогенов с помощью цПЦР, обобщены результаты исследований, иллюстрирующие инновационность данного метода. Рассмотрены возможности мультиплексного цПЦР-анализа и его использования в клинической практике. Также обсуждается роль цПЦР в развитии неинвазивных методов анализа онкологических заболеваний и вероятные пути развития технологии цПЦР, включая использование в качестве систем “point-of-care”.

Ключевые слова: цифровая ПЦР, инфекция, ДНК, онкология, вирусы, COVID-19

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