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Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова, 2023, T. 109, № 11, стр. 1522-1546

Молекулярно-генетические механизмы регуляции циркадных ритмов и их роль в психопатологиях

К. В. Смирнова 1, 2, *, Н. Д. Чижова 1, 2, Е. В. Герасимова 3, А. В. Калуев 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Т. Г. Амстиславская 1, 2, **

1 Научно-исследовательский институт нейронаук и медицины
Новосибирск, Россия

2 Новосибирский государственный университет
Новосибирск, Россия

3 Научно-технологический университет “Сириус”
Сочи, Россия

4 Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет
Санкт-Петербург, Россия

5 Уральский федеральный университет
Екатеринбург, Россия

6 Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова МЗ РФ
Санкт-Петербург, Россия

* E-mail: vedelina@mail.ru
** E-mail: amstislavskayatg@neuronm.ru

Поступила в редакцию 07.12.2022
После доработки 12.01.2023
Принята к публикации 14.01.2023

Аннотация

Циркадные (циркадианные) ритмы представляют собой циклические колебания интенсивности биологических процессов, связанные со сменой дня и ночи, к которым в ходе эволюции приспособились многие живые организмы. Нарушения циркадных ритмов провоцируются как факторами среды (смена часового пояса или продолжительности дня и ночи), так и поломками во внутренней регуляции циклов (мутации ключевых “часовых” генов). Эти изменения могут приводить к патогенезу различных заболеваний, в том числе психопатологий. Поскольку механизмы, лежащие в основе циркадной регуляции, достаточно консервативны, для большего понимания этих процессов и их связи с психопатологиями активно используют экспериментальные модели in vivo. В настоящем обзоре рассмотрены вопросы регуляции циркадных ритмов, а также их межтаксонные сходства и различия у млекопитающих и костных рыб (на примере широко используемых в биомедицине рыб зебраданио, Danio rerio). В работе обсуждаются современные представления о молекулярно-генетических механизмах, лежащих в основе регуляции циркадных ритмов, и их взаимосвязь с патогенезом психических расстройств у человека и модельных организмов.

Ключевые слова: циркадные ритмы, аффективные расстройства, моделирование психопатологии, экспериментальные модели, грызуны, зебраданио

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