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Сенсорные системы, 2023, T. 37, № 2, стр. 93-118

Проблемы и перспективы новых методов световой стимуляции в зрительной реабилитации

М. В. Зуева 1, *, В. И. Котелин 1, Н. В. Нероева 1, Д. В. Фадеев 1, О. М. Манько 2

1 ФГБУ “Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца” Минздрава России
105062 Москва, ул. Садовая-Черногрязская 14/19, Россия

2 ФГБУН ГНЦ РФ “Институт медико-биологических проблем” РАН
123007 Москва, Хорошевское ш., 76А, Россия

* E-mail: visionlab@yandex.ru

Поступила в редакцию 27.12.2022
После доработки 14.03.2023
Принята к публикации 24.03.2023

Аннотация

Нейродегенеративные заболевания сетчатки, такие как возрастная макулярная дегенерация, глаукома, диабетическая ретинопатия остаются ведущими причинами слабовидения и слепоты в мире. Зрительная реабилитация больных, слабовидящих вследствие нейродегенеративных заболеваний сетчатки, требует решения проблем, связанных с нарушением структуры нейронных сетей и дефицитом, обеспечиваемых этими сетями зрительных функций. Несмотря на определенные успехи в применении инновационных методов терапии, актуальна разработка новых подходов к зрительной реабилитации для повышения качества жизни слабовидящих пациентов. В зрительной реабилитации широко применяют не только медикаментозные, но и разнообразные нефармакологические стратегии терапии для защиты и восстановления структуры сетчатки и ее функции. Среди них отдельную нишу занимают технологии зрительной стимуляционной терапии (фототерапии), анализ основных аспектов которых является задачей данного обзора. Вектор новых исследований в области фототерапии направлен на разработку методов, способных максимизировать пластичность зрительной системы для повышения эффективности ее защиты и восстановления при нейродегенеративной патологии. В этой связи большой потенциал в зрительной реабилитации имеют новые технологии фрактальной фототерапии.

Ключевые слова: нейродегенеративные заболевания, связанные с возрастом заболевания сетчатки, слабовидение, зрительная реабилитация, нейропластичность, фототерапия, фотобиомодуляция, биоритмы, фрактальная динамика

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