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Теплоэнергетика, 2024, № 3, стр. 85-101

Водородаккумулирующие материалы на основе сплавов титана с железом (обзор)

М. В. Лотоцкий a, b, М. В. Дэвидс b, В. Н. Фокин a, Э. Э. Фокина a, Б. П. Тарасов a, c, d, *

a Федеральный исследовательский центр проблем химической физики и медицинской химии РАН
142432 Московская обл., г. Черноголовка, просп. Академика Семенова, д. 1, Россия

b HySA Systems Centre of Competence, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Rd.
7535 Bellville, South Africa

c Национальный исследовательский университет “Высшая школа экономики”
101000 Москва, Мясницкая ул., д. 20, Россия

d Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломонова
119991 Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, Россия

* E-mail: tarasov@icp.ac.ru

Поступила в редакцию 16.08.2023
После доработки 26.09.2023
Принята к публикации 27.09.2023

Аннотация

Разработка компактных, безопасных и эффективных методов хранения водорода является одной из ключевых проблем водородной энергетики. Используемые в настоящее время технологии хранения водорода в виде сжатого газа или криогенной жидкости требуют значительных капиталовложений и расходов на обслуживание компрессорного и криогенного оборудования, характеризуются высокими энергозатратами, при их реализации необходимы особые меры по обеспечению безопасности, а также применение водородно-нейтральных конструкционных материалов. Перспективным путем решения указанных проблем для среднемасштабных систем хранения является использование металлогидридов, обеспечивающих наиболее простое в исполнении, компактное и безопасное, по сравнению с традиционными методами, хранение водорода. Однако высокая стоимость гидридообразующих материалов сдерживает реализацию данного подхода. Применение сплавов на основе интерметаллида TiFe позволило бы снизить расходы на металлогидридное хранение водорода более чем в 5 раз. Это обстоятельство является причиной растущего интереса специалистов в области водородных энерготехнологий к водород аккумулирующим материалам на основе сплавов титана с железом. Хотя системы водорода с интерметаллидом TiFe и его производными изучаются более 50 лет, в последние годы поиск путей повышения устойчивости их водородсорбционных характеристик к отравлению кислородсодержащими примесями в газовой и твердой фазах приобрел особую актуальность. В настоящей статье приводится обзор исследований и разработок, направленных на получение, исследование свойств и применение сплавов титана с железом с улучшенными водородсорбционными характеристиками. Проведен анализ данных, представленных в научной литературе, сформулированы подходы к разработке высокоэффективных гидридообразующих материалов на базе интерметаллида TiFe и систем хранения водорода на их основе.

Ключевые слова: водородная энергетика, водородное материаловедение, хранение водорода, гидриды металлов, сплавы титана с железом, интерметаллиды, водородсорбционные свойства, металлогидридные технологии

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