Зоологический журнал, 2021, T. 100, № 6, стр. 618-626

New species of Monoschelobates Balogh et Mahunka 1969 and Multoribates Hammer 1961 (Acari, Oribatida, Scheloribatidae), phoretic on passalid beetles from the Neotropical region

S. G. Ermilov a*, B. M. OConnor b**

a Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Biology (X-BIO), Tyumen State University
625003 Tyumen, Russia

b Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (Museum of Zoology), University of Michigan
48109 Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

* E-mail: ermilovacari@yandex.ru
** E-mail: bmoc@umich.edu

Поступила в редакцию 17.12.2019
После доработки 12.02.2020
Принята к публикации 12.02.2020

Полный текст (PDF)

Аннотация

Two new species of oribatid mites (Oribatida) of the genera Monoschelobates Balogh et Mahunka 1969 and Multoribates Hammer 1961 (family Scheloribatidae), phoretic on the passalid beetles (Passalidae), Verres longicornis and Ptichopus angulatus, are described from Costa Rica and Mexico, respectively. Monoschelobates paramasani sp. n. differs from Monoschelobates masani Ermilov 2016 by the presence of a widely triangular rostrum, bothridial setae with unilaterally dilated heads and comparatively shorter interlamellar setae. Multoribates mexicanus sp. n. differs from Multoribates heterotrichus (Mahunka 1984) by the presence of cilia on the bothridial heads, 13 pairs of short notogastral setae and a pointed rostrum.

Ключевые слова: клещи-шелорибатиды, Коста-Рика, Мексика, систематика, морфология, форезия

Phoresy by oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) on insects is poorly studied (e.g., Oudemans, 1911; Woolley, 1969; Norton, 1980; see summarized data in Ermilov, 2019; Ermilov, Frolov 2019, 2019a). During taxonomic identification of mites phoretic on passalid beetles (Coleoptera, Passalidae), from the Neotropical region, we found two new species, belonging to the genera Monoschelobates Balogh et Mahunka 1969 and Multoribates Hammer 1961 (family Scheloribatidae). The goal of the paper is to describe and illustrate these new species.

Monoschelobates includes five species, which are distributed in the Ethiopian, Neotropical and Oriental regions, and Polynesia (Subías, 2019). Multoribates includes two species, which are distributed in the Neotropical region, Tanzania, and the Caucasus region (Subías, 2019).

This work is part of our continuing study of the oribatid mite fauna of Costa Rica and Mexico (e.g., Ermilov et al., 2014, 2015; Niedbała, Ermilov, 2017), and phoretic relationship between Oribatida and Insecta (Ermilov, 2019; Ermilov, Frolov 2019, 2019a).

METHODS

Specimens were mounted in lactic acid on temporary cavity slides for measurement and illustration. Body length was measured in lateral view, from the tip of the rostrum to the posterior edge of the notogaster. Notogastral width refers to the maximum width of the notogaster in dorsal view. Lengths of body setae were measured in lateral aspect. All body measurements are presented in micrometers. Formulas for leg setation are given in parentheses according to the sequence trochanter–femur–genu–tibia–tarsus (famulus included). Formulas for leg solenidia are given in square brackets according to the sequence genu–tibia–tarsus.

Drawings were made with a camera lucida using a Leica transmission light microscope “Leica DM 2500”.

Morphological terminology used in this paper follows that of F. Grandjean: see Travé and Vachon (1975) for references, Norton (1977) for leg setal nomenclature, and Norton and Behan-Pelletier (2009), for overview.

The following abbreviations are used (including text, figures and table): lam = lamella; slam = sublamella; Al = sublamellar porose area; tlam = translamella; k f = lateral keel-shaped ridge; ro, le, in, bs, ex = = rostral, lamellar, interlamellar, bothridial and exobothridial setae, respectively; exv = alveolar vestige of second exobothridial seta; D = dorsophragma; P = = pleurophragma; c, la, lm, lp, da, dm, dp, h, p = notogastral setae; Sa, S1, S2, S3 = notogastral sacculi; ia, im, ip, ih, ips = notogastral lyrifissures; gla = opisthonotal gland opening; a, m, h = subcapitular setae; or = adoral seta; ω = palp and leg solenidion; cha, chb = cheliceral setae; Tg = Trägårdh’s organ; I, II = = pedotecta I, II, respectively; 1a, 1b, 1c, 2a, 3a, 3b, 3c, 4a, 4b, 4c = epimeral setae; dis = discidium; cp = circumpedal carina; g, ag, an, ad = genital, aggenital, anal and adanal setae, respectively; iad = adanal lyrifissure; Amar = marginal porose area; po = preanal organ; Tr, Fe, Ge, Ti, Ta = leg trochanter, femur, genu, tibia, tarsus, respectively; pa = leg porose area; σ, φ = leg solenidia; ɛ = leg famulus.

SYSTEMATICS

Family Scheloribatidae

Genus Monoschelobates Balogh et Mahunka 1969

Type species Monoschelobates parvus Balogh et Mahunka 1969.

Monoschelobates paramasani Ermilov et OConnor sp. n. (Figs 1, 2)

Fig. 1.

Monoschelobates paramasani sp. n., adult: a – dorsal view (legs not illustrated); b – posterior part of body, lateral view; c – posterior view; d – anterior part of body, lateral view (gnathosoma and legs not illustrated); e – subcapitulum, ventral view; f – palp, left, paraxial view; g – chelicera, right, antiaxial view. Scale bar (µm): a–d – 50; e, g – 20; f – 10.

Fig. 2.

Monoschelobates paramasani sp. n., adult: a – ventral view (gnathosoma and legs not illustrated); b – leg I, left, antiaxial view; c – leg II, without tarsus, right, antiaxial view; d – leg III, without tarsus, left, antiaxial view; e – leg IV, right, antiaxial view. Scale bar (µm): a – 50; b–e – 20.

Material. Holotype (♂) and six paratypes (4♀♀, 2♂♂): Costa Rica, Cartago, Turrialba, FICA Station, 9°53′29″ N, 83°39′58″ W, 600 m a.s.l., phoretic on specimen of Verres longicornis (Coleoptera, Passalidae), 13 July 1965 (D.W. Alsop) (BMOC 77-1214-001 – as Metaleius sp. A. in Norton (1980)). The host specimen is in the Cornell University Insect Collection and bears the voucher label, “Mites removed B.M. OConnor #77-1214-1”. Mites were located on the ventral metathorax of the host.

The holotype and one paratype are deposited in the Cornell University Insect Collection (CUIC), Ithaca, NY, USA; two paratypes are deposited in the collection of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ), Ann Arbor, MI, USA; three paratypes are deposited in the collection of the Tyumen State University Museum of Zoology, Tyumen, Russia. All specimens are stored in ethanol with a drop of glycerol.

Diagnosis. Body size: 365–381 × 232–249. Rostrum pointed. Prolamella and sublamellar porose area absent. Translamella represented by one pair of short, poorly developed rudimentary parts near lamellae. Rostral, lamellar and interlamellar setae long, setiform, barbed; ro shortest, in longest. Exobothridial seta comparatively long. Bothridial seta long, with elongate, unilaterally dilated, pointed apically head, barbed. Lateral keel-shaped ridge present. Notogastral seta short, setiform, roughened. Epimeral and anogenital setae short, setiform, slightly barbed.

Description. Measurements. Body length: 365 (holotype), 365–381 (paratypes); notogaster width: 249 (holotype), 232–249 (paratypes). No difference between females and males in body size.

Integument. Body color light brown. Body surface punctate (visible under high magnification in dissected specimens). Lateral part of prodorsum slightly microgranulate.

Prodorsum (Figs 1a, 1d). Rostrum pointed. Lamella located dorsolaterally, about half of prodorsum (measured in lateral view). Sublamella thin, similar to lamella in length. Sublamellar porose area and prolamella absent. Translamella well separated medially (represented by one pair of rudimentary parts near lamellae) and usually poorly visible. Rostral (57–61), lamellar (65–69) and interlamellar (82–94) setae setiform, barbed. Bothridial seta (82–94) long, slightly barbed, with narrowly elongate, dilated unilaterally, pointed apically head. Exobothridial seta (20–24) setiform, thin, slightly barbed. Alveolar vestige of second exobothridial seta and lateral keel-shaped ridge present. Sejugal porose area elongate oval, poorly visible. Dorsophragma semi-oval.

Notogaster (Figs 1a–1d). Anterior notogastral margin slightly convex medially. Ten pairs of notogastral setae (10–12) setiform, thin, roughened. Four pairs of sacculi with small opening and drop-like chamber. Distance S1S1 equal S2S2. Opisthonotal gland opening and lyrifissures ia, im, ip, ih, and ips distinct. Circumgastric sigillar band visible. Circumgastric scissure not observed.

Gnathosoma (Figs 1e–1g). Subcapitulum longer than wide (82–86 × 69–73). Subcapitular seta setiform, barbed; h (20) longer than a (16–18) and m (16). Adoral seta (10–12) setiform, barbed. Palp (61–65) with typical setation 0-2-1-3-9(+ω). Postpalpal seta (6) spiniform. Chelicera (86–94) with two setiform, barbed setae, cha (28) longer than chb (16). Trägårdh’s organ narrowly triangular.

Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions (Figs 1d, 2a). Epimeral setal formula 3-1-3-3. Setae setiform, slightly barbed; 1b and 3b (24–28) longer than 1c, 3c, 4a, 4b, 4c (12–16) and 1a, 2a, 3a (10–12). Setae 1c inserted laterally on pedotectum I. Pedotectum II rounded in ventral view. Discidium elongate rounded. Circumpedal carina of medium size, reaching to discidium.

Anogenital region (Figs 1b–1d, 2a). Four pairs of genital (10–12), one pair of aggenital (16), two pairs of anal (16) and three pairs of adanal (16) setae setiform, slightly barbed. Adanal lyrifissure located close and parallel to anal plate. Marginal porose area complete, band-like, poorly visible. Preanal organ of typical, goblet-like form. Ovipositor elongated (118 × 45), blade (49) shorter than length of distal section (beyond middle fold; 69). Each of the three blades with four smooth setae, ψ1 ≈ τ1 (28) setiform, ψ2 ≈ τa ≈ τb ≈ τc (16) thorn-like. Coronal seta not observed.

Legs (Figs 2b–2e). Claw of leg pretarsus sparsely barbed on dorsal side. Porose area on femora I–IV and on trochanters III, IV slightly visible; ventral porose area in basal part of tarsus and distal part of tibia not observed. Formulas of leg setation and solenidia: I (1-5-2-4-18) [1-2-2], II (1-5-2-4-15) [1-1-2], III (2-3-1-3-15) [1-1-0], IV (1-2-2-3-12) [0-1-0]; homology of setae and solenidia indicated in Table 1. Famulus of tarsus I short, erect, slightly swollen distally, inserted between solenidion ω1 and seta ft''. Solenidion ω1 on tarsus I, ω1 and ω2 on tarsus II and σ on genu III bacilliform, φ2 on tibia I slightly thickened, blunt-ended, other solenidia setiform. Solenidion ω2 and seta tc'' on tarsus I connected mediodistally.

Table 1.  

Leg setation and solenidia of adult Monoschelobates paramasani sp. n. and Multoribates mexicanus sp. n.

Leg Tr Fe Ge Ti Ta
I v' d, (l), bv'', v'' (l), σ (l), (v), φ1, φ2 (ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv), (pl), ɛ, ω1, ω2
II v' d, (l), bv'', v'' (l), σ (l), (v), φ (ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv), ω1, ω2
III l ', v' d, l ', ev' l ', σ l ', (v), φ (ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv)
IV v' d, ev' d, l ' l ', (v), φ ft '', (tc), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv)

Roman letters refer to normal setae, Greek letters – to solenidia (except ɛ = famulus). Single prime (') marks setae on the anterior and double prime ('') – setae on the posterior side of a given leg segment. Parentheses refer to a pair of setae.

Remarks. The new species is morphologically most similar to Monoschelobates masani Ermilov 2016 from Peru (see Ermilov, Friedrich, 2016) in the small body size and presence of well-developed exobothridial setae, and in the absence of sublamellar porose areas. It differs from the latter by the presence of a widely triangular rostrum (versus rostrum narrowly protruding), bothridial setae with unilaterally dilated heads (versus lanceolate) and comparatively shorter interlamellar setae.

Etymology. The species name paramasani refers to the similarity between the new species and Monoschelobates masani Ermilov 2016.

Genus Multoribates Hammer 1961

Type species: Multoribates chavinensis Hammer 1961.

Multoribates mexicanus Ermilov et OConnor sp. n. (Figs 3, 4)

Fig. 3.

Multoribates mexicanus sp. n., adult: a – dorsal view (legs not illustrated); b – posterior part of body, lateral view; c – posterior view; d – anterior part of body, lateral view (gnathosoma and legs not illustrated); e – subcapitulum, ventral view; f – palp, left, paraxial view; g – chelicera, right, antiaxial view. Scale bar (µm): a–d – 50; e, g – 20; f – 10.

Fig. 4.

Multoribates mexicanus sp. n., adult: a – ventral view (gnathosoma and legs not illustrated); b – leg I, without trochanter, right, paraxial view; c – leg II, without trochanter and tarsus, right, antiaxial view; d – leg III, without tarsus, right, paraxial view; e – leg IV, left, paraxial view. Scale bar (µm): a – 50; b–e – 20.

Material. Holotype (♂) and four paratypes (2♀♀, 2♂♂): Mexico, Jalisco, Ajijic, 20°18′ N 103°17′ W, phoretic on specimen of Ptichopus angulatus (Coleoptera, Passalidae), 28 June 1956 (J. Hendrichs) (BMOC 04-0513-009). The host is in the UNAM collection, and bears the voucher label, “Mites removed B.M. OConnor #04-0513-009”. Mites were located on the venter of the abdomen.

The holotype is deposited in the collection of the Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico; two paratypes are deposited in the collection of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; two paratypes are deposited in the collection of the Tyumen State University Museum of Zoology, Tyumen, Russia. All specimens are stored in ethanol with a drop of glycerol.

Diagnosis. Body size: 232–249 × 116–132. Rostrum pointed. Prolamella and translamella absent. Rostral, lamellar and interlamellar setae long, setiform, barbed; ro longest. Bothridial seta long, clavate, ciliate. Lateral keel-shaped ridge present. Thirteen pairs of short, setiform, roughened notogastral setae. Epimeral and anogenital setae short, setiform, roughened. Leg pretarsus with one claw.

Description. Measurements. Body length: 232 (holotype), 232–249 (paratypes); notogaster width: 116 (holotype), 116–132 (paratypes). No difference between females and males in body size.

Integument. Body color light brown. Body surface punctate (visible under high magnification in dissected specimens). Lateral part of prodorsum slightly microgranulate. Region between lamella and sublamella slightly striate.

Prodorsum (Figs 3a, 3d). Rostrum pointed. Lamella located dorsolaterally, about half of prodorsum (measured in lateral view). Sublamella thin, similar to lamella in length. Sublamellar porose area (6–8) rounded. Translamella and prolamella absent. Rostral (32–36), lamellar (24–28) and interlamellar (24–28) setae setiform, barbed. Bothridial seta (24–28) long, clavate, rounded apically, shortly ciliate. Exobothridial seta (16) setiform, thin, slightly barbed. Alveolar vestige of second exobothridial seta and lateral keel-shaped ridge present. Sejugal porose area elongate oval, poorly visible. Dorsophragma slightly elongate.

Notogaster (Figs 3a–3d). Anterior notogastral margin convex medially. Thirteen pairs of notogastral setae (8–10) setiform, thin, roughened. Four pairs of sacculi with small opening and drop-like chamber. Distance S1S1 slightly longer than S2S2. Opisthonotal gland opening and lyrifissures ia, im, ip, ih, and ips distinct. Circumgastric sigillar band visible. Circumgastric scissure not observed.

Gnathosoma (Figs 3e–3g). Subcapitulum longer than wide (65–69 × 49–53). Subcapitular seta setiform, barbed; h (14–16) and a (14–16) longer and thicker than m (8–10). Adoral seta (10–12) setiform, barbed. Palp (45–49) with typical setation 0-2-1-3-9(+ω). Postpalpal seta (4) spiniform. Chelicera (69–73) with two setiform, barbed setae, cha (28–32) longer than chb (16–20). Trägårdh’s organ narrowly triangular.

Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions (Figs 3d, 4a). Epimeral setal formula 3-1-3-3. Setae setiform, roughened; 1b, 1c and 3b (14–16) longer than 3c (10–12) and 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 4b, 4c (8–10). Setae 1c inserted ventrally on pedotectum I. Pedotectum II rounded in ventral view. Discidium elongate rounded. Circumpedal carina of medium size, reaching of level of the discidium.

Anogenital region (Figs 3b–3d, 4a). Four pairs of genital (6–8), one pair of aggenital (8–10), two pairs of anal (8–10) and three pairs of adanal (8–10) setae setiform, roughened. Adanal lyrifissure located close and parallel to anal plate. Marginal porose areanot observed. Preanal organ of typical, goblet-like form. Ovipositor elongated (73 × 20), blade (32) shorter than length of distal section (beyond middle fold; 41). Each of the three blades with four smooth setae, ψ1 ≈ ≈ τ1 (16) setiform, ψ2 ≈ τa ≈ τb ≈ τc (8) thorn-like. Coronal seta not observed.

Legs (Figs 4b–4e). Claw of leg pretarsus sparsely barbed on dorsal side. Porose area on femora I–IV and on trochanters III, IV slightly visible; ventral porose area in basal part of tarsus and distal part of tibia not observed. Formulas of leg setation and solenidia: I (1-5-2-4-18) [1-2-2], II (1-5-2-4-15) [1-1-2], III (2-3-1-3-15) [1-1-0], IV (1-2-2-3-12) [0-1-0]; homology of setae and solenidia indicated in Table 1. Famulus of tarsus I short, erect, slightly swollen distally, inserted between solenidia ω1 and seta ω2. Solenidion ω1 on tarsus I, ω1 and ω2 on tarsus II, σ on genu III, and φ on tibia III bacilliform, φ2 on tibia I slightly thickened, blunt-ended, other solenidia setiform. Solenidion ω2 and seta tc'' on tarsus I connected.

Remarks. The new species is morphologically most similar to Multoribates heterotrichus (Mahunka 1984) from Tanzania (see Mahunka, 1984) in the presence of clavate bothridial setae and monodactylous legs, however differs from the latter by the presence of cilia in bothridial heads (versus barbed), 13 pairs of short notogastral setae (versus 14 pairs of medium size) and the pointed rostrum (versus rounded).

Etymology. The species name mexicanus refers to the country of origin, Mexico.

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