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Успехи современной биологии, 2023, T. 143, № 3, стр. 197-217

Динамика вирулентности комменсалов: упреждающая фенотипическая изменчивость

С. В. Чепур 1, *, Н. Н. Плужников 1, С. А. Сайганов 2, О. В. Чубарь 1, Л. С. Бакулина 3, И. В. Литвиненко 4

1 Государственный научно-исследовательский испытательный институт военной медицины Минобороны России
Санкт-Петербург, Россия

2 Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова Минздрава России
Санкт-Петербург, Россия

3 Воронежская государственная медицинская академия им. акад. Н.Н. Бурденко
Воронеж, Россия

4 Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова
Санкт-Петербург, Россия

* E-mail: gniiivm_2@mail.ru

Поступила в редакцию 29.01.2023
После доработки 02.02.2023
Принята к публикации 12.02.2023

Аннотация

Изложены особенности влияния цитокинов и метаболитов системной воспалительной реакции, стресс-реализующих и нутритивных факторов, способствующих трансформации фенотипа резидентной микрофлоры кишечника с повышением ее вирулентности. С позиции экспрессии генов, конформации белков и фосфолипидов рассмотрено влияние температуры как сигнального фактора в повышении вирулентности кишечного микробиома. Эволюционно сформированные механизмы экспрессии максимально патогенного фенотипа микроорганизмов и достижение, таким образом, увеличения их биомассы и максимальной диссеминации по биологическим средам макроорганизма повышает вероятность трансмиссии комменсалов в другой биотоп, то есть увеличивает вероятность их выживания после гибели организма-хозяина. Для профилактики бактериальной транслокации после купирования критических состояний обосновано раннее энтеральное введение β-глюканов в составе пищевых смесей, выведение железа, купирование дефицита неорганических фосфатов, в т.ч. посредством индукции синтеза щелочной фосфатазы.

Ключевые слова: микробиом, вирулентность, термосенсоры, бактериальная транслокация

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