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  4. T. 108, № 9, 2023

Ботанический журнал, 2023, T. 108, № 9, стр. 785-820

Структурные и регуляторные аспекты морфогенеза Equisetum sylvaticum и Equisetum fluviatile в связи с гомологией листьев хвощовых и других папоротниковидных

М. А. Романова 1, *, В. В. Домашкина 1, 2, Н. А. Бортникова 2

1 Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет
199034 Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7–9, Россия

2 Ботанический институт им. В.Л. Комарова РАН
197376 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Проф. Попова, 2, Россия

* E-mail: m.romanova@spbu.ru

Поступила в редакцию 14.08.2023
После доработки 30.08.2023
Принята к публикации 19.09.2023

Аннотация

Изучены строение апикальной меристемы побега, ультраструктура ее клеток и заложение в ней зачатков органов у хвощовых Equisetum sylvaticum и E. fluviatile. Выявлены относительно невысокая степень вакуолизации и структурная однородность клеток зоны поверхностных инициалей, наличие в их пластидах единичных крахмальных зерен и единичных липидных капель в цитоплазме. Эти черты более сходны с таковыми в моноплексной апикальной меристеме плауновидных, чем папоротниковидных. Инициация листьев E. sylvaticum и E. fluviatile сходна с таковой у других растений с моноплексной апикальной меристемой, а основная особенность органогенеза хвощовых – заложение мутовки листьев как единой структуры. Прекращение функционирования апикальной меристемы листа, обусловленное вакуолизацией его апикальной инициали, приводит к отсутствию в листовой пластинке маргинальной меристемы и проводящих тканей. Осуществлен поиск гомологов генов, кодирующих известные для цветковых регуляторы развития адаксиального и абаксиального доменов листа в транскриптомах хвощовых и сравнение их с таковыми в геномах моховидных, папоротниковидных и голосеменных. У хвощовых выявлено по одному регулятору адаксиального (C3HDZ) и абаксиального (KANADI) доменов, как у других папоротниковидных. Это подтверждает вероятную утерю регуляторов адаксиального (ARP) и абаксиального (YABBY) доменов у общего предка Polypodiophyta. Филогенетический анализ белков WOX позволил предположить, что T3 клада, включающая регуляторы маргинальной (WOX3) и пластинчатой (WOX1) меристем листа возникла у общего предка Polypodiophyta, также указывая на сходство в молекулярно-генетической регуляции листьев всех папоротниковидных.

Ключевые слова: апикальные инициали, апикальная, пластинчатая, маргинальная меристемы, транскрипционные факторы, ARP, C3HDZ, YABBY, KANADI, WOX

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