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Физиология растений, 2023, T. 70, № 4, стр. 339-353

Использование наноматериалов как стратегия защиты растений от действия неблагоприятных температур

Ю. В. Венжик a, *, А. Н. Дерябин a

a Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт физиологии растений им. К. А. Тимирязева Российской академии наук
Москва, Россия

* E-mail: jul.venzhik@gmail.com

Поступила в редакцию 02.02.2023
После доработки 03.02.2023
Принята к публикации 03.02.2023

Аннотация

В условиях эскалации климатических угроз во всем мире растет необходимость разработки новых стратегий повышения стрессоустойчивости растений. Инновационные подходы в этом направлении предоставляют нанотехнологии, обеспечивающие производство разнообразных наноматериалов (НМ). К ним относят структуры размером менее 100 нм, обладающие уникальными физическими и химическими свойствами. Благодаря этому НМ способны проникать через биологические барьеры и накапливаться в клетках растений. Эффекты НМ на растительный организм могут быть как позитивными, так и негативными в зависимости от химической природы, размеров и концентраций НМ, объекта исследования и условий среды. Многие НМ в определенной концентрации способны регулировать практически все процессы в растительном организме: рост, водный обмен, активность фотосинтетического аппарата и про-/антиоксидантный баланс. Это позволяет предполагать возможность использования некоторых НМ как адаптогенов, усиливающих стрессоустойчивость растений. В настоящем обзоре представлен сравнительный анализ экспериментальных данных об использовании НМ в физиологии растений и сельском хозяйстве для защиты растений от действия неблагоприятных низких и высоких температур. Обсуждаются возможные механизмы действия НМ на растения, а также стратегия их дальнейшего использования в фундаментальной науке и сельском хозяйстве.

Ключевые слова: адаптация, высшие растения, наноматериалы, неблагоприятные температуры, стрессоустойчивость

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