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Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова, 2023, T. 73, № 5, стр. 651-665

Пупиллометрия в оценке психоэмоционального состояния и когнитивных функций человека

М. А. Кутлубаев 1, *, Д. Р. Шагиева 1, Г. И. Каримова 1, А. И. Измалкова 2, А. В. Мячиков 2, 3

1 Кафедра неврологии Башкирского государственного медицинского университета
Уфа, Россия

2 Институт когнитивных нейронаук, Национальный исследовательский университет Высшая школа экономики
Москва, Россия

3 Нортумбрийский университет
Ньюкасл-апон-Тайн, Великобритания

* E-mail: mansur.kutlubaev@yahoo.com

Поступила в редакцию 24.04.2023
После доработки 15.05.2023
Принята к публикации 03.07.2023

Аннотация

Пупиллометрия – метод, позволяющий провести количественную оценку диаметра зрачка. Регуляция величины зрачка осуществляется структурами вегетативной нервной системы (ядра глазодвигательного нерва, цилиоспинальный центр) и связана со степенью освещенности. Однако вышележащие структуры головного мозга, в частности кора, через голубое пятно, претектальные оливарные ядра, верхние холмики четверохолмия оказывают модулирующее влияние на зрачковые реакции, не связанное с освещением. В связи с этим исходный диаметр зрачка и его изменения, связанные с выполнением определенных заданий, могут быть использованы для объективной оценки психоэмоционального состояния и когнитивных функций человека. Имеются данные об изменениях зрачковых реакций при расстройствах аутистического спектра, депрессии, а также при болезни Альцгеймера, болезни Паркинсона и других органических заболеваниях головного мозга. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования методики пупиллометрии для определения новых областей ее применения.

Ключевые слова: зрачок, пупиллометрия, видеоокулография, фотореакция, психоэмоциональные расстройства, когнитивные функции

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