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Микология и фитопатология, 2021, T. 55, № 6, стр. 457-460

Micromycetes Rossicae: Chorological and Taxonomical Notes. 4. Sphacelotheca Hydropiperis and Microbotryum Cordae (Pucciniomycotina, Microbotryomycetes), Two Difficult to Detection Persicaria-Associated Micromycetes, New for Volgograd Region (Russia)

V. A. Dudka 1, *, I. V. Zmitrovich 1, **

1 Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
197376 St. Petersburg, Russia

* E-mail: dudkavasiliy.a@gmail.com
** E-mail: iv_zmitrovich@mail.ru

Поступила в редакцию 15.03.2021
После доработки 28.04.2021
Принята к публикации 24.05.2021

Полный текст (PDF)

Аннотация

The present notice continues a series devoted to rare and interesting species of micromycetes of various regions of Russia that cause rust, shoot deformations, and leaf spots and highlights the Sphacelotheca hydropiperis and Microbotryum cordae (Pucciniomycotina, Microbotryomycetes), two difficult to detection Persicaria-associated micromycetes, new for Volgograd Region (Russia). The symptoms caused by Sphacelotheca hydropiperis and Microbotryum cordae are very similar: infected flowers slightly increase in size, appear above the general flowers row in the inflorescence, and acquire a wine-brown color due to fungal sori development. The morphology of both species is re-studied highlighting the teliospore variability. Thus, we have clarified the distribution of two rare microbotryomycete species over the Russian territory as well as their teliospores dimensions. Both taxa appear to be a “good”, clearly specialized species. This notice can be designed to draw attention to the symptomatology of the inflorescences of polygonaceous plants in the other regions of Russia.

Keywords: false smuts, flowers hypertrophy, microbotryomycete species, Polygonaceae, Persicaria, teliospores

The present notice continues a series devoted to rare and interesting species of micromycetes of various regions of Russia that cause the some rust, shoot deformations, and leaf spots (Zmitrovich et al., 2020a, 2020b; Dudka, Zmitrovich, 2020) and highlights two species of interesting group of microbotryomycetes.

Representatives of the class Microbotryomycetes (Basidiomycota, Pucciniomycotina) cause smut-like syndrome in many dicotyledons, but their urediniomycetous nature has already been clearly proven (Begerow et al., 1997; Weiss et al., 2004; Bauer et al., 2006). Obviously, such forms are derivatives of the micro- and endo- types of the rust life cycle (Linder, 1940; Zmitrovich, Wasser, 2004).11 Their teliospores (called ustospores until the 2000s) develop under an indistinctly formed peridium within the host’s flowers and produce 2–4-celled phragmobasidia giving rise the basidiospores (still called sporidia) which produce a budding mycelium (many groups of microbotriomycetes are known by the mitosporic Rhodotorula-like yeast stage). The dikaryotization occurs by the fusion of budding cells and dikaryophytic mycelium tends to the ovary zone of host plant. The infection is usually local and does not spread to the entire inflorescence or shoot. Such false smuts-producing species are especially numerous in the genera Microbotryum and Sphacelotheca (Schäfer et al., 2010; Schuster et al., 2016).

The present notice will focus on two difficult to detection Persicaria-associated microbotryomycete species, new for arid rayons of European Russia (the Volgograd region), the area of traditional buckwheat cultivation. The reproduction of the infectious origin in nature outside buckwheat crops usually occurs in weed Persicaria populations, where they were recorded by us during the 2020 field season.

Infected plant shoots were photographed in the field before their herbarization. The Nikon D80 camera, AF Micro Nikkor 60 mm lens was used for shooting. Micromorphological analysis of leshions and microphotography were performed using an AxioImager. A1 light microscope at the Laboratory of Systematics and Geography of Fungi of the Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Micropreparations were made using 5% KOH solution. Teliospores were measured in distilled water. Teliospore sizes were measured on 40–60 random spores in distilled water. The variability of teliospores was assessed according to the methods proposed by Parmasto et al. (1987).

Microbotryomycetes

Microbotryales

Microbotryaceae

Microbotryum Lév., Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 38: 372, 1847.

Sori develop into the ovaries, covered with a thin, easily decaying peridium formed by the remains of the host plant tissues, upon rupture of which a wine-brown mass of teliospores is released; columella is not expressed. Teliospores in agglomerations, developing from sporogenic hyphae located at the sorus base. In the life cycle, there is a persistent yeast phase (budding sporidia) that develops in nectar of the host plant.

Type: Uredo violacea Pers., 1797.

Microbotryum cordae (Liro) G. Deml et Prillinger in Prillinger, G. Deml, Dörfelt, Laaser et Lockau, Bot. Acta 104 (1): 10, 1991 [ut ‘cordai']. – Ustilago cordae Liro, Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. Ser. A 17 (1): 12, 1924 [ut ‘cordai']; U. polygoni-minoris Liro, Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. Ser. A 42 (1): 510, 1939. (Fig. 1, a–c).22

Fig. 1.

Symptoms caused by Microbotryum cordae (a–c) and Sphacelotheca hydropiperis (d–e) and their telispores: a – Persicaria hydropiper ovary affected by Microbotryum cordae; b, c – M. cordae teliospores; d – Persicaria minor ovary affected by Sphacelotheca hydropiperis; e – S. hydropiperis teliospores. Scale bar (b, c, e) – 5 μm.

Description. Sori develop into the host ovaries, which are hypertrophied, rounded to 5 mm in diam.; the spore mass is reddish-brown, dusty. Teliospores globose or ellipsoid, sometimes elongated or of irregular shape, (8.1)8.9–10.3(10.7) × (7.4)7.9–9.4(9.7) µm (measured from the LE F-332670 specimen, 40 measurements), in medium 9–14 µm in diam.; exosporium reticulate, its 5–6-angle surface cells located on 5–8 along teliospore section and reach 2 µm in diam. (1.2–1.6 µm high). Basidia 2–3-celled.

Symptoms. Infected flowers slightly increase in size, appear above the general flowers row in the inflorescence, and acquire a wine-brown color due to the development of the fungal sori.

Hosts. In Russia infect Persicaria hydropiper and P. maculosa.

Distribution range. Russia: Amur Oblast, Kursk Oblast, Leningrad Oblast, Moscow Oblast, Oryol Oblast, Primorsky Krai, Saint Petersburg, Tambov Oblast, Tyumen Oblast, Volgograd Oblast (Karatygin, Azbukina, 1989; LE F herbarium).

Material examined: Russia, Volgograd Oblast, Sredneakhtubinsky District, Burkovsky village, 48°43′03.01″, 44°40′13.15″, Alt. –10 m below sea level, 17.09.2020 on Persicaria hydropiper, leg. V.A. Dudka (DV-269-20), det. V.A. Dudka and T.T. Denchev (LEF-332670).

Sphacelotheca de Bary, Vergl. Morph. Biol. Pilze: 187, 1884.

Sori develop into the ovaries, covered with a thin, easily decaying peridium formed by the remains of the host plant tissues and sterile cells of the fungus, upon rupture of which a dark brown spore mass is released; columella, which forms in the central part of sorus, consists of non-sporulating hyphae. Teliopores in easily fragmented chains, rounded, often irregular in shape, not forming glomeruli, develop from sporogenic hyphae located at the sorus base.

Type: Uredo hydropiperis Schumach., 1803.

Sphacelotheca hydropiperis (Schumach.) de Bary, Vergl. Morph. Biol. Pilze: 187. 1884. – Uredo hydropiperis Schumach., Enum. Pl. 2: 234, 1803; Sphacelotheca granosa Liro, Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., Ser. A 17 (1): 148, 1924. (Fig. 1, d–e).

Description. Sori into the host ovaries (which as a rule hypertrophied up to 2–5 mm long), at the early stages of development covered with a grayish-brown peridium, unevenly bursting with the release of a purple-black spore mass around the columella. Teliospores in chains, subglobose, sometimes irregular, slightly flattened, (7.2)8.6–10(11.3) × (7.1)8.3–9.4(10.3) µm (measured from the specimen LE F-332669, 60 measurements), reddish-brown with a violet hue; exosporium abundantly covered with small warts 0.4–0.6 µm high, obscurely visible under LM; when mature, bipolar colorless appendages are often visible on exosporium surface. Basidia 2–3-celled.

Symptoms. Infected flowers slightly increase in size, appear above the general flowers row in the inflorescence, and acquire a wine-brown color due to the development of the fungal sori.

Hosts. In Russia infect Persicaria hydropiper, P. longiseta, P. minor, and P. senticosa.

Distribution range. Russia: Kamchatka Krai, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Leningrad Oblast, Moscow Oblast, Murmansk Oblast, Primorsky Krai, Saint Petersburg, Saratov Oblast, Tver Oblast, Yaroslavl Oblast, Republic of Kalmykia, Republic of Karelia, Volgograd Oblast, Voronezh Oblast (Karatygin, Azbukina, 1989; LE F herbarium).

Material examined: Russia, Volgograd Oblast, Sredneakhtubinsky District, Burkovsky village, 48°43′03.01″, 44°40′13.15″, Alt. – 10 m below sea level, 17.09.2020 on Persicaria minor, leg. V.A. Dudka (DV-270-20), det. V.A. Dudka (LE F-332669).

Thus, on the present notice, we have somewhat clarified the distribution range of two rare microbotryomycete species over the territory of Russia as well as the sizes of their teliospores, which are diagnostically significant structures. Both taxa appear to be “good”, clearly specialized species. This notice can be designed to draw attention to the symptomatology of the inflorescences of polygonaceous plants on the other Russian regions.

The authors are grateful to G.Yu. Konechnaya (Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences) for help in plant identification and T.T. Denchev (Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences) for checking the microbotryomycete species identification. The work was carried out using technique of the Center “Cellular and Molecular Technologies for Studying Plants and Fungi” at Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Laboratory work was supported by the RFBR grant (N 19-04-00024 A) and the State Research Task N AAAA-A19-119020890079-6.

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