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  4. T. 57, № 3, 2023

Молекулярная биология, 2023, T. 57, № 3, стр. 411-426

Строение, экспрессия и неканонические функции рДНК человека: роль некодирующих регионов

А. А. Садова a, b, *, Д. Ю. Пантелеев a, Г. В. Павлова a, c, d

a Институт высшей нервной деятельности и нейрофизиологии Российской академии наук
117485 Москва, Россия

b Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова
117997 Москва, Россия

c Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр нейрохирургии им. академика Н.Н. Бурденко
125047 Москва, Россия

d Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова
119435 Москва, Россия

* E-mail: 89652410866@mail.ru

Поступила в редакцию 09.09.2022
После доработки 08.11.2022
Принята к публикации 16.11.2022

Аннотация

Гены рРНК – одни из самых, на первый взгляд, эволюционно-консервативных последовательностей, при ближайшем рассмотрении удивляют разнообразием строения и набором выполняемых функций. Некодирующие области рибосомных генов содержат регуляторные последовательности, сайты узнавания различных белков, псевдогены, повторяющиеся элементы и гены микроРНК. Рибосомные межгенные спейсеры отвечают не только за морфологические особенности ядрышка и его функционирование – экспрессию рРНК и биогенез рибосом, но и контролируют образование гетерохроматина в ядре, опосредуя дифференцировку клеток. Изменение экспрессии отдельных частей огромных (по сравнению с кодирующими) некодирующих регионов рДНК в ответ на поступающие сигналы помогает клетке реагировать на различные виды стресса. Нарушение этого процесса может приводить к возникновению различных заболеваний – от онкологических до нейродегенеративных и психических расстройств. В представленном обзоре рассмотрены строение и транскрипция рибосомного межгенного спейсера, а также роль этого спейсера в экспрессии рРНК, развитии наследственных заболеваний и опухолей у человека.

Ключевые слова: рДНК, рРНК, рибосомный межгенный спейсер, IGS-РНК, промоторная РНК, РНК PAPAS

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