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Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова, 2023, T. 109, № 10, стр. 1297-1330

Тромбин – связующее звено между гемостазом и воспалением

Э. А. Старикова 1, 2, 3, *, Дж. Т. Маммедова 1, О. Я. Порембская 1, 4

1 Институт экспериментальной медицины
Санкт-Петербург, Россия

2 Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова Министерства Здравоохранения Российской Федерации
Санкт-Петербург, Россия

3 Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова
Санкт-Петербург, Россия

4 Северо-Западный государственный университет им. И.И. Мечникова
Санкт-Петербург, Россия

* E-mail: Starickova@yandex.ru

Поступила в редакцию 11.08.2023
После доработки 22.09.2023
Принята к публикации 22.09.2023

Аннотация

Гемостаз и реакции иммунитета представляют собой эволюционно и функционально связанные системы, от скоординированной работы которых зависят жизненно важные процессы – защита от кровопотери и патогенов. Тромбин – центральный фермент системы коагуляции, который обладает выраженной провоспалительной активностью и играет важную роль в патогенезе широкого спектра заболеваний инфекционной и неинфекционной природы. Многие гуморальные факторы иммунитета, регулирующие воспаление (IL-1α, компоненты комплемента) и миграцию клеток в очаг повреждения (остеопонтин, химерин), могут активироваться в результате протеолитического расщепления тромбином. Основные рецепторы тромбина – протеаза-активируемые рецепторы (PARs), экспрессируются на многих клетках иммунной системы и рассматриваются как неклассические паттерн-распознающие рецепторы (PRRs). Действие тромбина на клетки врожденного иммунитета может быть не связано с его ферментативными эффектами. Последние исследования показывают, что тромбин может действовать как алармин, стимулировать созревание дендритных клеток и реакции адаптивного иммунитета. Продукция этого фактора также влияет на поляризацию Т хелперов, определяющую выбор стратегии защитных реакций. Исследование иммунных функций компонентов системы коагуляции раскрывает новые патогенетические механизмы развития стерильного воспаления и расширяет возможности терапии аллергических, аутоиммунных и нейровоспалительных заболеваний.

Ключевые слова: тромбин, гемостаз, протеаза-активируемый рецептор, воспаление, врожденный иммунитет, адаптивный иммунитет

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