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Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова, 2023, T. 109, № 8, стр. 1028-1044

Роль метаболитов триптофанового обмена и короткоцепочечных жирных кислот в патогенезе аутоиммунных заболеваний

О. П. Шатова 1, 2, 4, *, Е. М. Ягодкина 1, С. С. Кайдошко 1, А. А. Заболотнева 1, 4, А. В. Шестопалов 1, 3, 4

1 Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова
Москва, Россия

2 Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы
Москва, Россия

3 Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева
Москва, Россия

4 Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
Москва, Россия

* E-mail: shatova.op@gmail.com

Поступила в редакцию 03.05.2023
После доработки 12.07.2023
Принята к публикации 13.07.2023

Аннотация

С каждым годом распространенность аутоиммунных заболеваний в мире неуклонно растет. Этиология и патогенез аутоиммунных заболеваний крайне сложные и во многом остаются неясными. Тем не менее, все больше данных исследований последних лет указывает на критическую роль микроорганизмов в формировании нормального иммунного ответа и аутоиммунных реакций в организме хозяина. При этом одна из ведущих ролей отводится кишечной микробиоте, представленной триллионами микробов, образующих широкий спектр сигнальных и иммуннорегуляторных метаболитов. Формируя сложную взаимозависимую систему “хозяин–микробиота”, симбиотические бактерии во многом определяют развитие и функционирование иммунных клеток человека. В настоящем обзоре мы рассматриваем роль кишечной микробиоты и ее ключевых метаболитов (а именно короткоцепочечных жирных кислот и метаболитов триптофана) в патогенезе аутоиммунных заболеваний и обсуждаем возможные механизмы влияния обозначенных сигнальных молекул на иммунные клетки хозяина.

Ключевые слова: аутоиммунитет, триптофановые метаболиты, короткоцепочечные жирные кислоты, микробиота, дисбиоз

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