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Водные ресурсы, 2023, T. 50, № 5, стр. 561-584

Использование данных дистанционного зондирования при моделировании водного и теплового режимов участков суши: обзор публикаций

Е. Л. Музылев *

Институт водных проблем РАН
119333 Москва, Россия

* E-mail: muzylev@iwp.ru

Поступила в редакцию 31.01.2023
После доработки 31.01.2023
Принята к публикации 20.03.2023

Аннотация

Представлен обзор результатов оценки влажности поверхности почвы, ее влагозапасов и эвапотранспирации как элементов водного и теплового режимов участков поверхности суши различных пространственных масштабов при использовании данных дистанционного зондирования Земли разных спектральных диапазонов. В большинстве приводимых примеров такие оценки были получены с помощью моделей взаимодействия земной поверхности с атмосферой. Отдельный раздел посвящен результатам расчета влажности поверхности почвы и влагозапасов при использовании спутниковой информации микроволнового диапазона, в том числе данных радаров. Приведены результаты оценки влажности поверхности почвы с помощью нейронных сетей. Кратко описаны международные гидролого-атмосферные эксперименты, проводившиеся в рамках всемирных исследовательских проектов с целью получения информации о процессах влаго- и теплообмена между подстилающей поверхностью и приземным слоем атмосферы. Сделан обзор баз наземных, спутниковых и модельных данных, формировавшихся по результатам исследований по описанной тематике с середины 1980-х гг. Представлены перспективы дальнейших исследований, опирающихся на разработку новой мультиспектральной аппаратуры, создание новых баз данных и использование нового поколения спутников – микросателлитов глобального покрытия с датчиками высокого разрешения.

Ключевые слова: спутниковые данные, моделирование процессов влаго- и теплообмена, водный и тепловой режимы, характеристики подстилающей поверхности, влажность почвы, эвапотранспирация, пространственное разрешение.

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