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  4. T. 102, № 7, 2023

Зоологический журнал, 2023, T. 102, № 7, стр. 744-750

Contribution to the taxonomy of the oribatid mite genus Graptoppia Balogh 1983 (Acari, Oribatida, Oppiidae)

S. G. Ermilov *

Tyumen State University
625003 Tyumen, Russia

* E-mail: ermilovacari@yandex.ru

Поступила в редакцию 1.03.2023
После доработки 14.03.2023
Принята к публикации 16.03.2023

Полный текст (PDF)

Аннотация

The oribatid mite genus Graptoppia (Oribatida, Oppiidae) is recorded from Cuba for the first time. One new species of the subgenus Graptoppia (Graptoppia) – G. (G.) trapezoides sp. n. – is described, based on adults collected from leaf litter in a riparian mixed forest. The generic and subgeneric traits of Graptoppia are summarized. An identification key to the known species of Graptoppia (Graptoppia) is presented.

Keywords: oppiid mites, taxonomy, generic diagnosis, morphology, identification key, Neotropical region

The oribatid mite genus Graptoppia of the family Oppiidae (Acari, Oribatida) comprises three subgenera with 23 species and one subspecies (Subías, 2022; Seniczak et al., 2023), which are distributed in the tropical and the subtropical regions (Subías, 2022). The three subgenera include: G. (Graptoppia) Balogh 1983 – 12 species and one subspecies; G. (Apograptoppia) Subías et Rodríguez 1985 – one species; G. (Stenoppia) Balogh 1983 – 10 species. Representatives of the genus are typical inhabitants of soil-litter in tree plantations and forests; some species are actively phoretic (Ermilov, 2019; Ermilov, Frolov, 2021).

The main goals of our paper are as follows: describe a new species of Graptoppia (Graptoppia) collected from Cuba; revise the generic and subgeneric diagnoses; provide an identification key to the known species of Graptoppia (Graptoppia). An identification key to the species of Graptoppia (Stenoppia) has been presented by Ermilov and Frolov (2021).

Prior to this study, no representatives of Graptoppia have been registered in Cuba.

METHODS

Observation and documentation. For measurement and illustration, specimens were mounted in lactic acid on temporary cavity slides. All measurements are in micrometers. Body length was measured in lateral view, from the tip of the rostrum to the posterior edge of the notogaster; other structures were oriented to avoid parallax errors. Notogastral width refers to the maximum width in dorsal aspect. Setal lengths were measured perpendicular to their long axes, accounting for curvature. Formulas for leg solenidia are given in square brackets according to the sequence genu-tibia-tarsus. Drawings were made with a camera lucida using a Leica DM 2500 light microscope.

Terminology and conventions. General morphological terminology used in this paper mostly follows that of Grandjean (see Travé and Vachon (1975) for references), Norton (1977), and Norton and Behan-Pelletier (2009).

Abbreviations. Prodorsum: r = ridge; cos = costula; tcos = transcostula; ro, le, in, bs, ex = rostral, lamellar, interlamellar, bothridial, and exobothridial seta, respectively. Notogaster: c, la, lm, lp, h, p = setae; ia, im, ip, ih, ips = lyrifissures; gla = opisthonotal gland opening. Gnathosoma: a, m, h = subcapitular setae; or = adoral seta; d, l, v, cm, ul, su, vt, sup, inf, lt = palp setae; ω = palp solenidion; cha, chb = cheliceral setae; Tg = Trägårdh’s organ. Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions: 1a–1c, 2a, 3a–3c, 4a–4c = epimeral setae; PdI = pedotectum I; dis = discidium. Anogenital region: g, ag, an, ad = genital, aggenital, anal, and adanal seta, respectively; iad = adanal lyrifissure; p.o. = preanal organ. Legs: Tr, Fe, Ge, Ti, Ta = trochanter, femur, genu, tibia, tarsus, respectively; ω, φ, σ = solenidia; ɛ = famulus; d, l, v, bv, ev, ft, tc, it, p, u, a, s, pv, pl = leg setae.

TAXONOMY

Generic diagnosis of Graptoppia (adult)

Adult: Size. Small, body length: 164–405. Integument. Surface smooth or microsculpturing granulate; lateral side of body with or without tubercles; sometimes prodorsum with some rugosities. Prodorsum. Rostrum rounded or tripartite, or intended. Transcostula and both costulae usually present, forming trapezoid structure; rarely, either costulae or transcostula absent; in some specimens, both costulae and transcostula are completely reduced. Rostral seta medium-sized, lamellar, interlamellar and exobothridial setae short, all setiform; ro inserted dorsolaterally on prodorsum, le inserted on transcostula or on prodorsal surface behind transcostula. Bothridial seta medium-sized or long, clavate or disk-like, or unilaterally dilated, pointed apically; head usually ciliated. Interbothridial region with two pairs of muscle sigillae, rarely with one pair; in some species muscle sigillae absent. Interbothridial and postbothridial tubercles present or absent. Notogaster. Elongate oval, anterior notogastral margin rounded or narrowed medially. Humeral region without humeral tooth and strong crista. Notogastral seta c reduced or represented by alveolus, or minute; the other notogastral setae (nine pairs) short or medium-sized, setiform or branch-shaped. Gnathosoma. Subcapitulum diarthric; adoral seta present. Palp setation: 0–2–1–3–9(+1ω); solenidion long, bacilliform, located in mediodistal part of tarsus and pressed to it. Chelicera chelate-dentate. Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions. Epimeral border IV present. Epimeral setal formula: 3–1–3–3; all setae short, setiform. Ventrosejugal tubercle absent. Pedotectum I represented by small lamina. Discidium rounded or pointed distally. Anogenital region. Four or five pairs of genital, one pair of aggenital, two pairs of anal, and three pairs of adanal setae; short or partially medium-sized. Adanal seta ad1 posterior to, ad2 lateral to, and ad3 anterolateral to anal plate; distance ad3–ad3 usually longer than ag–ag and ad2–ad2. Adanal lyrifissure located close to anal plate or removed from it, paraanal or direct apoanal. Legs. Tarsus II with two solenidia; tibia I with dorsoanterior apophysis.

Subgeneric diagnoses

1. Subgenus Graptoppia (Graptoppia) Balogh 1983

Type species: Graptoppia paraanalis Subías et Rodríguez 1985

Five pairs of genital setae. Adanal lyrifissure located close and parallel to anal plate (paraanal).

2. Subgenus Graptoppia (Apograptoppia) Subías et Rodríguez 1985

Type species: Dameosoma foveolatum Paoli 1908

Five pairs of genital setae. Adanal lyrifissure removed from anal plate, distinctly inverse diagonal (direct apoanal).

3. Subgenus Graptoppia (Stenoppia) Balogh 1983

Type species: Oppia italica Bernini 1973

Four pairs of genital setae. Adanal lyrifissure located close and parallel to anal plate (paraanal).

Graptoppia (Graptoppia) trapezoides Ermilov sp. n. (Figs 1, 2)

Fig. 1.

Graptoppia (Graptoppia) trapezoides sp. n., adult (not shown: gnathosoma, legs): a – dorsal view, b – ventral view, c – right lateral view. Scale bar 50 μm.

Fig. 2.

Graptoppia (Graptoppia) trapezoides sp. n., adult: a – posterior view; b – subcapitulum, ventral view; c – palp, right, antiaxial view; d – chelicera, left, paraxial view; e – leg I, right, antiaxial view; f – leg II, without tarsus, right, antiaxial view; g – leg III, without tarsus, right, paraxial view; h – leg IV, right, paraxial view. Scale bar, μm: a – 50; b–d – 10; e–h – 50.

Material. Holotype (♂) and two paratypes (1♂, 1♀): Cuba, 22°6′ N, 81°6′ W, leaf litter in a riparian (200 m from the Ocean) mixed forest (unknown date and collector; collection of the Tyumen State University Museum of Zoology, Tyumen, Russia).

The holotype and three paratypes are deposited in the collection of the Tyumen State University Museum of Zoology, Tyumen, Russia. All specimens are preserved in 70% solution of ethanol with a drop of glycerol.

Diagnosis. Body length: 165–180. Rostrum medially indented. Costulae and transcostula forming trapezoid structure, their junctions forming protruding acute angles. Rostral seta medium-sized, setiform, slightly barbed; lamellar, interlamellar and exobothridial setae short, setiform, smooth. Bothridial seta long, with unilaterally dilated and ciliated head. Notogastral seta c vestigial, other notogastral setae medium-sized, setiform, slightly roughened; la and lm slightly removed from each other, la located posterolaterally to lm. Epimeral, genital, aggenital, and anal setae short, setiform, smooth; adanal setae medium-sized, setiform, slightly roughened; adanal seta ad3 located posteriorly to aggenital seta. Discidium rounded distally.

Description. Measurements. Very small species. Body length: 165 (holotype), 165 (male paratype), 180 (female paratype); body width: 82 (holotype), 82 (male paratype), 90 (female paratype).

Integument. Body color light brown. Body surface microsculpturing granulate. Lateral part of body between bothridium and acetabula I–IV partially densely tuberculate (diameter of tubercle up to 2).

Prodorsum. Rostrum with small medial indentation. Costulae and transcostula lineate, forming trapezoid structure, their junctions forming protruding acute angles. Rostral seta (15) setiform, slightly barbed; lamellar, interlamellar and exobothridial setae (6) setiform, smooth; le located behind transcostula; ex located on tubercle; transverse ridge located between insertions of ro. Bothridial seta (32–34) with long stalk and shorter, unilaterally dilated and ciliated, pointed apically head; number of bothridial ciliae about 13–16. Interbothridial region with two pairs of muscle sigillae. Postbothridial tubercle slightly developed.

Notogaster. Anterior border complete, convex medially. Notogastral seta c (1) vestigial, others (15) setiform, slightly roughened; la and lm slightly removed from each other, la located posterolaterally to lm. Opisthonotal gland openings and all lyrifissures distinct; im located anteromedially to h3; gla located close and posteromedially to im.

Gnathosoma. Subcapitulum size: 37–41 × 26–30; all subcapitular (7) and adoral (3) setae setiform, smooth. Palp length: 30–34; setation: 0–2–1–3–9(+1ω); postpalpal seta (2) spiniform. Chelicera length: 37–41; cheliceral setae (cha: 13; chb: 7) setiform, barbed.

Epimeral and lateral podosomal regions. Epimeral setal formula: 3–1–3–3; setae (3c, 4c: 9; others: 6) setiform, smooth; 3c located on tubercle; 4c located on discidium. Discidium distinct, rounded distally.

Anogenital region. Genital (4), aggenital (9) and anal (7–9) setae setiform, smooth; adanal seta (15) setiform, slightly roughened; adanal seta ad3 located posteriorly to aggenital seta (distance ag–ag similar to ad3–ad3). Adanal lyrifissure located parallel to or indistinctly inversely diagonal to anal plate.

Legs. Claw of each tarsus smooth. Porose area on all femora and on trochanters not observed. Formulas of leg setation and solenidia: I (1–5–2–4–20) [1–2–2], II (1–5–2–4–16) [1–1–2], III (2–3–1–3–15) [1–1–0], IV (1–2–2–3–12) [0–1–0]; homology of setae and solenidia indicated in Table 1. Famulus short, erect, slightly swollen distally, inserted medially to solenidion ω1; seta p setiform on tarsi I versus thorn-like on tarsi II–IV; s on tarsus I eupathidial, located between paired setae u and a. Solenidion φ1 on tibia I subflagellate; ω1 on tarsus I, ω1 and ω2 on tarsus II, φ on tibiae II, III, σ on genu III bacilliform, φ on tibia IV setiform, others rod-like.

Table 1.  

Leg setation and solenidia of adult Graptoppia (Graptoppia) trapezoides sp. n.

Leg Tr Fe Ge Ti Ta
  I v' d, (l), bv'', v'' (l), σ (l), (v), φ1, φ2 (ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv), (pl), l '', v', ɛ, ω1, ω2
 II v' d, (l), bv'', v'' (l), σ (l), (v), φ (ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv), l '', ω1, ω2
III l ', v' d, l ', ev' l ', σ l ', (v), φ (ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv)
IV v' d, ev' d, l ' l ', (v), φ (ft), (tc), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv)

Note. Roman letters refer to normal setae, Greek letters – to solenidia (except ɛ = famulus). Single quotation mark (') designates setae on the anterior and double quotation mark ('') – setae on the posterior side of a given leg segment; parentheses refer to a pair of setae.

Remarks. Graptoppia (Graptoppia) trapezoides sp. n. is distinguishable from other species of the subgenus by the presence of the following combination of character states: 1) rostrum indented medially; 2) junction of costula and transcostula forming a protruding acute angle; 3) notogastral seta c vestigial, other notogastral setae medium-sized, setiform, slightly roughened; la and lm slightly removed from each other; 4) adanal setae medium-sized, setiform, slightly roughened; 5) adanal seta ad3 located posteriorly to aggenital seta; 6) discidium rounded distally. Characters which distinguish the new species from other members of Graptoppia (Graptoppia) can be found in the identification key below.

Etymology. The species name trapezoides refers to the costulae and the transcostula forming a trapezoid structure on the prodorsum.

DISCUSSION

1. Graptoppia sundensis acuta was described by Ayyildiz (1989) as a subspecies of Graptoppia sundensis (Hammer 1979), which is known from the Oriental region. The former may be distinguished from the latter by: the presence (versus absence) of well-developed transcostula; the presence of protruding acute angles at the junctions of transcostula and costulae; distinctly observed notogastral seta c (versus represented by alveolus). In my opinion, these differences are sufficient to support the independence of G. sundensis acuta at the species level. Therefore, instead of the existing subspecies status, I propose to assign a species status to this taxon: Graptoppia acuta Ayyildiz 1989 stat. n.

2. Graptoppia parva was described by Kok (1967) based on materials from South Africa. Subías and Rodríguez (1985) redescribed this species based on materials from Spain. However, species in the original description and the redescription differ in the morphology of the costular-transcostular complex. Therefore, I do not use the redescription data in the key below.

3. Graptoppia mussardi was described by Mahunka (1992). Subías (2022) included this species in the subgenus Ramusella (Insculptoppia) Subías 1980 based on the presence of three pairs of muscle sigillae in the interlamellar region (versus two pairs in the typical Graptoppia). Although provisionally I support his opinion, an additional study is needed.

KEY TO KNOWN SPECIES OF GRAPTOPPIA (GRAPTOPPIA)

1 Notogastral setae (except c) branch-shaped …… 2

– Notogastral setae (except c) setiform .………….. 4

2 Adanal seta ad3 located laterally to aggenital seta; head of bothridial seta with 5–8 ciliae; body length: 196–208 ………………….G. (G.) arenaria Ohkubo 1993       Distribution: Japan.

– Adanal seta ad3 located posterolaterally to aggenital seta; head of bothridial seta with more than 10 ciliae ..……………………………………………………… 3

3 Notogastral seta la located posterolaterally to lm; notogastral seta c developed; body length: 202 .........................G. (G.) exigua (Mahunka 1983)

Distribution: Neotropical.

– Notogastral seta la located laterally to lm; notogastral seta c not developed; body length: 260 ……………………….G. (G.) pentagona (Alzuet 1981)       Distribution: Argentina.

4 Transcostula not observed, costulae developed ... 5

– Transcostula and costulae developed ..…………. 7

5 Notogastral seta la located laterally to lm; interlamellar region with two tubercles; discidium rounded distally; body length: 245–274 ………… G. (G.) alzueti Martínez et Palacios-Vargas 2006       Distribution: Argentina.

– Notogastral seta la located posterolaterally to lm; interlamellar region without tubercles; discidium pointed distally ……………………………………………… 6

6 Lateral part of transcostula developed; notogastral seta c developed; body length: 210 … G. (G.) sundensis (Hammer 1979)       Distribution: Oriental.

– Transcostula absent completely; notogastral seta c not developed; body length: 203–208 ... G. (G.) neonominata Subías 2004       Distribution: Afrotropical, Mexico.

7 All adanal setae medium-sized, about half the anal plate length ….…………………………................... 8

– All adanal setae ad1 and ad2 short, distinctly shorter than half the anal plate length ..……….......... 9

8 All notogastral setae (except c) medium-sized, similar to adanal setae in length; rostrum indented; discidium rounded; distance ag–ag similar to ad3–ad3; body length: 165–180 …..…G. (G.) trapezoides sp. n.       Distribution: Cuba.

– All notogastral setae (except c) short, shorter than adanal setae; rostrum rounded; discidium pointed; distance ag–ag distinctly shorter than ad3–ad3; body length: 212 ..……G. (G.) paradoxa Ivan et Vasiliu 1997       Distribution: Romania.

9 Head of bothridial seta with less than 10 ciliae ... 10

– Head of bothridial seta with more than 10 ciliae …………………………………………............... 11

10 Epimeral border IV straight; anal and adanal setae similar in length; body length: 198–205 … G. (G.) nukusia (Shtanchaeva 1984)      Distribution: сentral Western Asia.

– Epimeral border IV concave; anal seta shorter than adanal seta; body length: 205–244 … G. (G.) granadiensis S. et A. Seniczak 2023       Distribution: Spain.

11 The junction of costulae and transcostula forming protruding acute angles; body length: 240–250 …………………………… G. (G.) acuta Ayyildiz 1989.       Distribution: eastern Mediterranean, Iran.

– The junction of costulae and transcostula not forming protruding acute angles ……………............. 12

12 Adanal seta ad3 located laterally to aggenital seta; apodemal border IV absent; body length: 210–220 ……………………………. G. (G.) tanaitica Karppinen et Poltavskaya 1990       Distribution: eastern Mediterranean.

– Adanal seta ad3 located posterolaterally to aggenital seta; apodemal border IV present ….................. 13

13 Adanal seta ad3 located slightly posterolaterally to aggenital seta; transcostula slightly observed; body length: 209–225 ……… G. (G.) jyotikanae Sanyal, Saha et Chakraborty 2006       Distribution: India.

– Adanal seta ad3 located distinctly posterolaterally to aggenital seta; transcostula clearly observed; body length: 232–270 ………….… G. (G.) paraanalis Subías et Rodríguez 1985       Distribution: western Palaearctic.

Список литературы

  1. Ayyildiz N., 1989. Mites of the family Oppiidae (Acari, Oribatida) from Turkey // Journal of Natural History. V. 23. № 6. P. 1373–1379.

  2. Ermilov S.G., 2019. Oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) phoretic on passalid beetles (Coleoptera: Passalidae), with description of a new species from Indonesia // Ecologica Montenegrina. V. 22. P. 90–96.

  3. Ermilov S.G., Frolov A.V., 2021. New data on oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) phoretic on passalid beetles (Coleoptera, Passalidae) from the Afrotropical and Oriental regions, with descriptions of three new species from Congo, Gabon and Ghana // Systematic and Applied Acarology. V. 26. № 4. P. 769–787.

  4. Kok D.J., 1967. Studies on some South African Oppiidae Grandjean, 1953 (Acarina: Oribatei) // Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa. V. 30. № 1. P. 40–74.

  5. Mahunka S., 1992. New and interesting mites from the Geneva Museum LXIII. A survey of the oribatid fauna of Senegal (Acari: Oribatida) // Revue suisse de Zoologie. V. 99. № 3. P. 673–712.

  6. Norton R.A., 1977. A review of F. Grandjean’s system of leg chaetotaxy in the Oribatei (Acari) and its application to the family Damaeidae // Dindal D.L., ed. Biology of oribatid mites. Syracuse, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry. P. 33–61.

  7. Norton R.A., Behan-Pelletier V.M., 2009. Oribatida // A Manual of Acarology (TX). Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press. P. 430–564.

  8. Seniczak S., Seniczak, A., Fernandez Ondoño E., 2023. Morphological ontogeny of Graptoppia granadaensis sp. nov. (Acari, Oribatida, Oppiidae), and comments on Graptoppia Balogh // Systematic and Applied Acarology. V. 28. № 1. P. 88–104.

  9. Subías L.S., 2022. Listado sistemático, sinonímico y biogeográfico de los Ácaros Oribátidos (Acariformes: Oribatida) del mundo (excepto fósiles) // Monografías Electrónicas S.E.A. № 12. P. 1–538.

  10. Subías L.S., Rodríguez P., 1985. Oppiidae (Acari, Oribatida) de los sabinares (Juniperus thurifera) de España III. Graptoppia s. str. Balogh // Cuadernos de Investigación Biologica. V. 8. P. 69–76.

  11. Travé J., Vachon M., 1975. François Grandjean. 1882–1975 (Notice biographique et bibliographique) // Acarologia. V. 17. № 1. P. 1–19.

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