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Успехи современной биологии, 2023, T. 143, № 4, стр. 375-392

Преадаптивность несократительного термогенеза в эволюции теплокровности у позвоночных

В. А. Черлин *

Дагестанский государственный университет
Махачкала, Республика Дагестан, Россия

* E-mail: cherlin51@mail.ru

Поступила в редакцию 04.03.2023
После доработки 19.04.2023
Принята к публикации 19.04.2023

Аннотация

Большая часть тепла, которая выделяется в организме позвоночных, производится в мышцах при сократительном (во время движения или дрожания) и несократительном (без мышечной активности) термогенезе. Сократительный термогенез характерен для всех позвоночных, но он не способен постоянно поддерживать у животных высокую температуру тела. Основная идея, рассмотренная в данной статье и базирующаяся на уже большом количестве публикаций последних лет: главная биохимическая база теплокровности у позвоночных – часть цикла сокращения–расслабления поперечнополосатой скелетной мускулатуры, в котором акт сокращения мышц тем или иным образом выпадает, а энергия, которая должна была быть на это затрачена, рассеивается в виде теплоты. Этот несократительный термогенез, который способен поддерживать региональную и общую эндотермию позвоночных, и можно считать реальной биохимической основой теплокровности. Таким образом, наличие скелетной мускулатуры у всех позвоночных и общие биохимические основы цикла сокращения–расслабления представляют собой единое преадаптивное свойство проявления несократительного термогенеза у всех позвоночных, начиная с рыб, что является базой для эволюции теплокровности. Поэтому вполне объяснимы и неудивительны современные данные о том, что первые наземные позвоночные, скорее всего, были животными с высокими уровнями и метаболизма, и температуры тела.

Ключевые слова: биохимия несократительного термогенеза, теплокровность, эволюция теплокровности

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