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  4. T. 39, № 6, 2022

Биологические мембраны: Журнал мембранной и клеточной биологии, 2022, T. 39, № 6, стр. 431-439

Прокоагулянтные свойства внеклеточных везикул при нормальной и патологической беременности

Е. М. Кольцова a, b, *, А. А. Мартьянов a, b, c, Н. А. Подоплелова a, b

a Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева
117997 Москва, Россия

b Центр теоретических проблем физико-химической фармакологии РАН
109029 Москва, Россия

c Институт биохимической физики им. Н.М. Эмануэля РАН
119334 Москва, Россия

* E-mail: ekaterina_koltsova@bk.ru

Поступила в редакцию 25.11.2021
После доработки 16.04.2022
Принята к публикации 17.04.2022

Аннотация

Внеклеточные везикулы – это двухслойные мембранные липидные структуры без ядер, которые высвобождаются из различных клеток в результате физиологических и метаболических изменений. Они играют важную роль в межклеточной коммуникации посредством передачи широкого спектра биоактивных молекул, способствуя регуляции различных физиологических и патологических процессов. Внеклеточные везикулы могут обладать прокоагулянтными свойствами вследствие наличия фосфатидилсерина, ускоряющего реакции свертывания, на внешнем слое мембраны, а также экспрессии тканевого фактора, активирующего свертывание по внешнему пути, на поверхности некоторых везикул. В большом количестве клинических и экспериментальных исследований показано, что при различных патологиях и специфических физиологических состояниях, включая состояние беременности, концентрации внеклеточных везикул существенно превышают концентрации у здоровых добровольцев, что теоретически может являться одним из факторов развития гиперкоагуляционных состояний. Данный обзор будет сосредоточен на описании прокоагулянтных свойств внеклеточных везикул различного происхождения при нормальной и патологической беременности.

Ключевые слова: гемостаз, везикулы, беременность, плацента, тромбин, гиперкоагуляция

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