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Генетика, 2023, T. 59, № 8, стр. 870-887

Генетические полиморфизмы, ассоциированные с эффективностью коррекции массы тела: систематический обзор

Э. С. Егорова 1, *, И. И. Ахметов 1, 2

1 Казанский государственный медицинский университет
420012 Казань, Россия

2 Научно-исследовательский институт спорта и физических упражнений, Ливерпульский университет им. Джона Мурса
L3 5AF Ливерпуль, Великобритания

* E-mail: jastspring@yandex.ru

Поступила в редакцию 14.02.2023
После доработки 10.03.2023
Принята к публикации 20.03.2023

Аннотация

Индивидуальные особенности человека не только обусловливают различия в массе тела, но и детерминируют реакцию организма на диету и двигательную активность. Цель данного систематического обзора – описание генетических маркеров, ассоциированных со снижением массы тела в ответ на немедикаментозные методы лечения ожирения, диетотерапию и физические нагрузки. Приемлемые для включения в систематический обзор интервенционные исследования содержали все необходимые параметры генетического полиморфизма, диеты, физической нагрузки и изменений антропометрических или композиционных показателей тела. 91 статья соответствовала критериям и была включена в данный систематический обзор. Подавляющее число исследований (n = 88) было проведено с использованием ген-кандидатного подхода и только три работы выполнены с применением полногеномного поиска ассоциаций (GWAS). Всего было обнаружено 98 генетических вариантов, из которых 72 маркера ассоциированы с эффективностью диетотерапии и 26 – с индивидуальным ответом на физические нагрузки. Следует отметить, что значимость маркеров была подтверждена независимыми исследованиями только для 10 из 98 генетических вариантов. В ближайшие годы следует ожидать прогресса в этом направлении, результатом которого станет разработка метода индивидуального подбора каждому пациенту типа диеты и физической нагрузки для профилактики и лечения ожирения.

Ключевые слова: генетика ожирения, гены, полиморфизмы, физическая нагрузка, диета, коррекция массы тела, систематический обзор.

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Приложение 1.
Таблица 1. Оценка уровней риска систематической ошибки в РКИ
Таблица 2. Оценка риска систематических ошибок нерандомизированных контролируемых исследований и итоговые оценки риска в соответствии со шкалой Ньюкасла-Оттавы
Таблица 3. Оценка методологического качества исследования в соответствии с критериями, важными для исследований, изучающих генетическую ассоциацию
Таблица 4. Оценка методологического качества исследования в соответствии с критериями, важными для исследований, изучающих генетическую ассоциацию
Таблица 5. Полиморфизмы генов, ассоциированные с эффективностью диетотерапии
Таблица 6. Полиморфизмы генов, ассоциированные с эффективностью физической нагрузки

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