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Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова, 2023, T. 109, № 10, стр. 1443-1456

Реактивность ЭЭГ во время слухового восприятия слов у детей дошкольного и младшего школьного возраста

М. А. Начарова 1, *, Д. В. Начаров 2, В. Б. Павленко 1

1 Крымский федеральный университет им. В.И. Вернадского
Симферополь, Россия

2 Севастопольский государственный университет
Севастополь, Россия

* E-mail: alikina93@gmail.com

Поступила в редакцию 18.06.2023
После доработки 08.09.2023
Принята к публикации 08.09.2023

Аннотация

Проведен анализ связанных с событиями изменений спектра электроэнцефалограммы (ЭЭГ) во время слухового восприятия слов-существительных у 83 типично развивающихся детей в возрасте от 4 до 10 лет, в том числе 50 детей дошкольного возраста и 33 детей младшего школьного возраста. Выявлены межгрупповые различия – у детей дошкольного возраста в обработку слов в большей степени вовлечены нейронные системы, активность которых отражается в обширной десинхронизации альфа- и синхронизации тета-активности в лобных зонах левого полушария. Для реактивности ЭЭГ детей младшего школьного возраста свойственна двусторонняя и более выраженная тета-синхронизация, что указывает на повышенную интенсивность лексико-семантических операций, а также на снижение фоновой и рост вызванной тета-активности. У детей данной группы также наблюдалась синхронизация ЭЭГ в бета-диапазоне, представленная отдельными вспышками и наиболее выраженная в лобных отведениях, что характерно для более зрелых механизмов обработки речи. Результаты исследования важны для уточнения механизмов понимания речи у типично развивающихся детей дошкольного и младшего школьного возраста.

Ключевые слова: восприятие речи, дети дошкольного и школьного возраста, электроэнцефалограмма, тета-, альфа- и бета-активность

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