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Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова, 2023, T. 109, № 11, стр. 1584-1600

Роль вариабельности генов моноаминовых транспортеров человека в спортивной физиологии

А. В. Черепанова 1, Я. Р. Бравый 1, А. В. Карабельский 1, М. М. Котова 1, Т. О. Колесникова 1, А. В. Калуев 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, *

1 Научно-технологический университет “Сириус”
Федеральная территория Сириус, Россия

2 Институт трансляционной биомедицины, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет
Санкт-Петербург, Россия

3 Институт экспериментальной медицины, Национальный медицинский научный центр им. В.А. Алмазова МЗ РФ
Санкт-Петербург, Россия

4 Уральский федеральный университет
Екатеринбург, Россия

5 Российский научный центр радиологии и хирургических технологий им. акад. А.М. Гранова МЗ РФ
Санкт-Петербург, Россия

* E-mail: avkalueff@gmail.com

Поступила в редакцию 12.07.2023
После доработки 10.10.2023
Принята к публикации 10.10.2023

Аннотация

Моноаминовые транспортеры (МАТ) отвечают за обратный захват дофамина, серотонина и норадреналина, модулируя концентрацию этих важнейших мозговых нейромедиаторов и регулируя поведение, настроение и когнитивные функции. Изучение роли различных генов в сложных физиологических процессах является перспективным направлением нейробиологии и физиологии спорта. В работе анализируются данные о взаимосвязи между генетическими особенностями генов МАТ и спортивной эффективностью. Отмечается связь аллели 10-го гена дофаминового транспортера (DAT), аллели L гена серотонинового транспортера (SERT) и однонуклеотидного полиморфизма rs1805065 (Thr99Ile) гена норадреналинового транспортера (NET) с большей эффективностью у спортсменов, обусловленной устойчивостью к стрессам, поддержанию мотивации и когнитивных поведенческих компетенций – качеств, необходимых для достижения успехов в соревнованиях. Таким образом, физиологическая эффективность в различных видах спорта может быть частично генетически детерминирована и контролироваться вариабельностью в генах МАТ.

Ключевые слова: мозговые моноамины, моноаминовые транспортеры, полиморфизмы, физиология спорта

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